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Longitudinal Effects of Social Isolation on Changes in Loneliness Among Korean Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The Role of Self-Control

  • THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
  • 2026, 39(3), pp.117~145
  • Publisher : The Korean Society For Developmental Psychology
  • Research Area : Social Science > Psychological Science
  • Received : April 29, 2026
  • Accepted : August 19, 2026
  • Published : September 15, 2026

Lee Seung Chul ORD ID 1,  서수정 2,  Wonil Choi ORD ID 3,  Soo Rim Noh ORD ID 1

1충남대학교
2충남대학교 심리학과
3광주과학기술원

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were examined for social isolation, loneliness, and self-control in 299 Korean adults (aged 40–83 years) across three waves over one year. At baseline, self-control partially mediated and moderated the isolation–loneliness link. Loneliness increased over time, with higher baseline social isolation predicting a greater increase. However, self-control did not predict longitudinal changes in loneliness. Middle-aged adults reported higher isolation and loneliness and lower self-control than older adults. Mediation was significant only for middle-aged adults, whereas longitudinal effects were observed in both groups. Overall, social isolation longitudinally exacerbates loneliness, and the moderating effect of self-control is cross-sectional. Effective interventions may need to address both short-term self-control and long-term social isolation, extending beyond older adults to include middle-aged adults.

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