2018, Vol., No.49

日本硏究 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.41

pISSN : 1229-6309
https://journal.kci.go.kr/cajjso

This paper is a study about passive form in passive sentences and correlation between meaning types in passive sentences. Japanese and Korean are obviously different in how to realize grammatical meaning in grammatical form. In case of Japanese, a productive form is in chare of a grammatical category or a number of grammatical categories. Contrastively, Korean is a language that one grammatical category can realized in several forms. The table below is an organization of types of passive sentences based on classification of meaning types of Japanese passive sentences. Type of Passive Sentence Grammatical Passive Form lexical Passive Form General Verb Chinese Character Verb Direct Passive Sentence i-form − batta-form danghada-form Possesive Passive Sentence i-form − − Indirect Passive Sentence jida-form doeda-form − Korean passive sentences select different passive forms according to meaning types of passive sentence, whether the subject is animated or not, and kind of verbs. Also, passive form which has lexical meaning is variously developed. In other words, there are passive forms that represent derived, syntactic, and lexical form and they express various passive meanings.

This dissertation seeks to find characteristics of“N-ga-nai”as a negative expression in modern Japanese. In preceding researches, since studies of “N-ga-nai” cover partial observation of its usage, this dissertation aims to find diverse characteristic of “N-ga-nai” as a negative expression. Through systematic examination on “N-ga-nai”, three patterns of “N-ga-nai” and how it function as a negative expression, especially when it comes with adverbs were shown. “N-ga-nai”can be classified in two groups, that one group has independence and another has no independence. This classification is determined by attributes of nouns(N), and also affects relationship between a noun and an adverb, and its interpretation. In relationship with adverbs, the fact that “N-ga-nai”works without hindrance, while other expressions does not match with adverbs, was clarified. The expression “ikkouni”,for example, matches for“N-ga-nai”, while other possibility expressions does not. “sappari, marude, marukkiri”are all on the same line, showing the distinction of “N-ga-nai”.“N-ga-nai”also has general language characteristic as a negative expression functioning as ‘negation of quantity’ and ‘negation of level.’Lastly, in interpretation, the problem of attributive modification related to nouns, and differed interpretation by characteristics of “nai” were examined. In further study, analysis of relationships between adverbs and “N-ga-nai”and its uses would be researched for better understanding and theorizing of “N-ga-nai”.

Japan, which had little resistance in accepting foreign culture, expended its range to other Western countries. In ancient time it had first started from the Korean peninsular, China and to portugal, Netherland in modern times. The necessity of learning a foreign language grew in order to acquire knowledge and learning but its real purpose was to obtain various information which was taught as function language itself. The Dutch language had been the same since its exchange with the West in the late 16th century. At first interpreters learnt Dutch to interact with Nagasaki Dejima(長崎出島) Dutch officials, but later on at Edo(江戶) period the big picture of learning Dutch was to translate and acquire new subjects including medicine. Especially Edo period in 1774, since Tokugawa Yoshimune(徳川吉宗) had ordered Aoki Konyo(青木昆陽) to learn Dutch, Sugita Genpaku(杉田玄白) and Maeno Ryotaku(前野良沢) translated and published medical journal under the name of 『Kaitaishinsho(解體新書)』. From then on the atmosphere for Dutch learning had been highly raised and one of their student whose name was Otsuki Gentaku(大槻玄沢) made the first Dutch study paper called 『Rangakukaitei(蘭學階梯)』 in 1783. In my former data 『Rangakukaitei』, I’ve already contemplated that Otsuki Gentaku had been deeply influenced by his master Maeno Ryotaku. Now let’s take a specific look on Maeno Ryotaku’s language studies 『Olandarakubunryaku(和蘭譯文略)』. Based on his studies we’d like to examine the understanding and recognizing of Dutch and its punctuation as well as how this early Dutch scholar had been thought about a basic position on translation of Dutch.