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@article{ART002557984},
author={HAN KYU AN},
title={A study on the meaning and usage of 「～nikui」「～zurai」「～gatai」},
journal={日本硏究},
issn={1229-6309},
year={2020},
number={52},
pages={87-110},
doi={10.20404/jscau.2020.02.52.87}

TY - JOUR
AU - HAN KYU AN
TI - A study on the meaning and usage of 「～nikui」「～zurai」「～gatai」
JO - 日本硏究
PY - 2020
VL - null
IS - 52
PB - The Center for Japanese Studies
SP - 87
EP - 110
SN - 1229-6309
AB - This paper examines the meaning and usage of the expressions「～nikui」「～zurai」「～gatai」, which connect to a verb and state difficulties in carrying out an action. A usage analysis of BCCWJ confirms that verbs connecting with「nikui」 include non-volitional verbs as well as volitional verbs, and that verbs with specific, concrete meanings can also come before it. Previously, it was thought that「～zurai」 cannot connect with non-volitional verbs, but it proves to be false and 「～zurai」connects with diverse verbs. Another expression「～gatai」was also known to be unable to connect with non-volitional verbs, which has also turned out to be false. Non-volitional verbs, with some limitations, can come before 「～gatai」 and it was found that verbs describing human mental activities most frequently connect with the expression. The analysis of the meaning and usage of 「～nikui」「～zurai」「～gatai」 focuses on the causes or sources of difficulties in taking the action described by the verb. 「～nikui」 can be divided into objective(physical, situational, physiological) causes and subjective(psychological) causes. In case of 「～zurai」,we can classify it into objective(physical(corporal), physical(material), situational) causes and subjective(psychological) causes. In particular, it is found that physical causes and objective situations suggested by 「～zurai」 do not accompany mental and physical pain or displeasure, regardless of the etymology of 「～zurai」. Meanwhile, 「～gatai」 usually connects with verbs involving human mental activities. The study also confirms that it expresses the narrator’s subjective judgment that the extent or degree of a subject is prohibitively alarming, and mostly used in idiomatic expressions, literal expressions, and formal settings.
KW - non-volitional verbs;physical reasons;physiological reasons;psychological reasons
DO - 10.20404/jscau.2020.02.52.87
ER -

HAN KYU AN. (2020). A study on the meaning and usage of 「～nikui」「～zurai」「～gatai」. 日本硏究, 52, 87-110.

HAN KYU AN. 2020, "A study on the meaning and usage of 「～nikui」「～zurai」「～gatai」", 日本硏究, no.52, pp.87-110. Available from: doi:10.20404/jscau.2020.02.52.87

HAN KYU AN "A study on the meaning and usage of 「～nikui」「～zurai」「～gatai」" 日本硏究 52 pp.87-110 (2020) : 87.

HAN KYU AN. A study on the meaning and usage of 「～nikui」「～zurai」「～gatai」. 2020; 52 : 87-110. Available from: doi:10.20404/jscau.2020.02.52.87

HAN KYU AN. "A study on the meaning and usage of 「～nikui」「～zurai」「～gatai」" 日本硏究 no.52(2020) : 87-110.doi: 10.20404/jscau.2020.02.52.87

HAN KYU AN. A study on the meaning and usage of 「～nikui」「～zurai」「～gatai」. 日本硏究, 52, 87-110. doi: 10.20404/jscau.2020.02.52.87

HAN KYU AN. A study on the meaning and usage of 「～nikui」「～zurai」「～gatai」. 日本硏究. 2020; 52 87-110. doi: 10.20404/jscau.2020.02.52.87

HAN KYU AN. A study on the meaning and usage of 「～nikui」「～zurai」「～gatai」. 2020; 52 : 87-110. Available from: doi:10.20404/jscau.2020.02.52.87

HAN KYU AN. "A study on the meaning and usage of 「～nikui」「～zurai」「～gatai」" 日本硏究 no.52(2020) : 87-110.doi: 10.20404/jscau.2020.02.52.87