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The Theory of Tanaka Takeo’s “The Transition of Japanese Pirates (Waegu) in the 14th and 15th Century”

Han, Yoonhee 1

1성균관대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Takeo Tanaka(田中健夫) argued that the Japanese pirates of the 14th and 15th centuries transformed into “Japanese who surrendered(投化倭), Japanese traders(興利倭人), just pirates(海賊)”. This study reviews the appropriateness of the basis, order of description, and logical aspects of his argument. Based on this review, the following four claims could not be proven:“(1) The increase in Japanese who surrendered and Japanese traders became an economic burden on Chosun, leading Chosun to control them. (2) Japanese trader crossings increased because Chosun needed their goods. (3) The true nature of the envoys(使送客人) is the transition from pirates to merchants. (4) The occurrence of Japanese pirates in the early Chosun Dynasty was due to economic reasons.” In particular, the logic of “increasing Japanese crossings and the economic burden on Chosun” originated from colonial historian Hidetaka Nakamura(中村栄孝). Additionally, the argument that the cause of the outbreak of Japanese pirates in the early Chosun Dynasty was due to Chosun (=external factors) aligns with the long-standing argument in the Japanese foreign relations academic community. This argument states that “the cause of the outbreak of Japanese pirates in the late Goryeo Dynasty was the Goryeo government’s incompetence.” Therefore, in future research on Japanese pirates, all such claims that are tainted by a colonial view of history should be re-examined, and this should be actively reflected in Korean history.

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.