"Matter–energy synergy" regulates the growth of CNTs

Ruiliang Wang; Chengwei Wu; Chenyu Gao; Yuan Hu; Qianpeng Dong; Xinyue Zhao; Yan He; Dianming Chu; Wenjuan Bai

doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00984-6

"Matter–energy synergy" regulates the growth of CNTs

Carbon Letters
Abbr : Carbon Lett.
2025, 35(6), pp.2571~2608
DOI : 10.1007/s42823-025-00984-6
Publisher : Korean Carbon Society
Research Area : Natural Science > Natural Science General > Other Natural Sciences General
Received : June 4, 2025
Accepted : September 14, 2025
Published : December 11, 2025

Ruiliang Wang ¹, Chengwei Wu ¹, Chenyu Gao ¹, Yuan Hu ², Qianpeng Dong ³, Xinyue Zhao ⁴, Yan He ⁵, Dianming Chu ¹, Wenjuan Bai ¹

¹Qingdao University of Science and Technology
²Tongli Tire Co.
³Shandong Dazhan Nano Materials Co., Ltd.
⁴Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Shandong
⁵Qingdao University

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely applied in diverse fields due to their exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, the growing demand for precise control over their structure, crystallinity, and yield is severely hindered by the intricate, multi-factor-influenced CNTs growth process—this has become a critical bottleneck limiting their further application. A key breakthrough in addressing this challenge is the discovery that CNTs growth follows the "synergistic action of matter-driven and energy-driven" mechanisms. Mastering these dual driving mechanisms, establishing the direct link between reaction conditions and product structures, and thereby optimizing reaction paths, emerges as an effective strategy to achieve precise regulation of CNTs nucleation and growth. Against the backdrop of industrialization, this review not only provides a critical theoretical basis for breaking through the bottleneck of precise growth control but also directly propels high-quality CNTs toward broader and more practical application prospects.

KEYWORDS

CNTs, Cooperative regulation, Catalyst, Carbon source, Dynamics and thermodynamics

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2025 are currently being built.

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Carbon Letters 2025 KCI Impact Factor : 0.73 KCI-WoS Impact Factor : 6.26

"Matter–energy synergy" regulates the growth of CNTs

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Carbon Letters 2025 KCI Impact Factor : 0.73 KCI-WoS Impact Factor : 6.26

"Matter–energy synergy" regulates the growth of CNTs

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* References for papers published after 2025 are currently being built.