@article{ART003274510},
author={Seongmin Ha and Seoyeong Cheon and Seongjae Myeong and Sangyeop Lee and Jin‑Yong Shin and Young‑Seak Lee},
title={Impact of CFX fluorination level on the electrochemical performance of MnO2/CFX hybrid cathodes in lithium primary batteries},
journal={Carbon Letters},
issn={1976-4251},
year={2025},
volume={35},
number={6},
pages={2609-2616},
doi={10.1007/s42823-025-00986-4}
TY - JOUR
AU - Seongmin Ha
AU - Seoyeong Cheon
AU - Seongjae Myeong
AU - Sangyeop Lee
AU - Jin‑Yong Shin
AU - Young‑Seak Lee
TI - Impact of CFX fluorination level on the electrochemical performance of MnO2/CFX hybrid cathodes in lithium primary batteries
JO - Carbon Letters
PY - 2025
VL - 35
IS - 6
PB - Korean Carbon Society
SP - 2609
EP - 2616
SN - 1976-4251
AB - Fluorinated carbons (CFX) are promising cathode materials for lithium primary batteries due to their high energy density, yet suffer from poor electronic conductivity. Manganese dioxide (MnO2), on the other hand, offers superior rate capability, but limited capacity. Here, we design MnO2/CFx hybrid cathodes by combining MnO2 with CFX materials synthesized at controlled fluorination levels (x = 0.4–1.0) to synergistically optimize both energy and power performance. Structural and spectroscopic analyses reveal that moderate fluorination (x = 0.6) induces a favorable balance of semi-ionic C–F and interfacial O–F bonds, enhancing electron delocalization and charge transfer at the MnO2/CFX interface. In contrast, excessive fluorination (x ≥ 0.8) leads to the formation of electrochemically inert C–F2 and C–F3 species, suppressing redox kinetics. As a result, MnO2/CFX-0.6 delivers a discharge capacity of 390 mAh g–1−1 at 0.05 C and retains 182 mAh g–1−1 at 4 C, outperforming both pristine MnO2 and other CFX variants. This work establishes interfacial fluorine bonding configuration, not just bulk F/C ratio, as a critical design parameter for high-performance hybrid cathodes.
KW - MnO2/CFX hybrid cathode;Fluorinated carbon (CFX);Lithium primary batteries
DO - 10.1007/s42823-025-00986-4
ER -
Seongmin Ha, Seoyeong Cheon, Seongjae Myeong, Sangyeop Lee, Jin‑Yong Shin and Young‑Seak Lee. (2025). Impact of CFX fluorination level on the electrochemical performance of MnO2/CFX hybrid cathodes in lithium primary batteries. Carbon Letters, 35(6), 2609-2616.
Seongmin Ha, Seoyeong Cheon, Seongjae Myeong, Sangyeop Lee, Jin‑Yong Shin and Young‑Seak Lee. 2025, "Impact of CFX fluorination level on the electrochemical performance of MnO2/CFX hybrid cathodes in lithium primary batteries", Carbon Letters, vol.35, no.6 pp.2609-2616. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00986-4
Seongmin Ha, Seoyeong Cheon, Seongjae Myeong, Sangyeop Lee, Jin‑Yong Shin, Young‑Seak Lee "Impact of CFX fluorination level on the electrochemical performance of MnO2/CFX hybrid cathodes in lithium primary batteries" Carbon Letters 35.6 pp.2609-2616 (2025) : 2609.
Seongmin Ha, Seoyeong Cheon, Seongjae Myeong, Sangyeop Lee, Jin‑Yong Shin, Young‑Seak Lee. Impact of CFX fluorination level on the electrochemical performance of MnO2/CFX hybrid cathodes in lithium primary batteries. 2025; 35(6), 2609-2616. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00986-4
Seongmin Ha, Seoyeong Cheon, Seongjae Myeong, Sangyeop Lee, Jin‑Yong Shin and Young‑Seak Lee. "Impact of CFX fluorination level on the electrochemical performance of MnO2/CFX hybrid cathodes in lithium primary batteries" Carbon Letters 35, no.6 (2025) : 2609-2616.doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00986-4
Seongmin Ha; Seoyeong Cheon; Seongjae Myeong; Sangyeop Lee; Jin‑Yong Shin; Young‑Seak Lee. Impact of CFX fluorination level on the electrochemical performance of MnO2/CFX hybrid cathodes in lithium primary batteries. Carbon Letters, 35(6), 2609-2616. doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00986-4
Seongmin Ha; Seoyeong Cheon; Seongjae Myeong; Sangyeop Lee; Jin‑Yong Shin; Young‑Seak Lee. Impact of CFX fluorination level on the electrochemical performance of MnO2/CFX hybrid cathodes in lithium primary batteries. Carbon Letters. 2025; 35(6) 2609-2616. doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00986-4
Seongmin Ha, Seoyeong Cheon, Seongjae Myeong, Sangyeop Lee, Jin‑Yong Shin, Young‑Seak Lee. Impact of CFX fluorination level on the electrochemical performance of MnO2/CFX hybrid cathodes in lithium primary batteries. 2025; 35(6), 2609-2616. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00986-4
Seongmin Ha, Seoyeong Cheon, Seongjae Myeong, Sangyeop Lee, Jin‑Yong Shin and Young‑Seak Lee. "Impact of CFX fluorination level on the electrochemical performance of MnO2/CFX hybrid cathodes in lithium primary batteries" Carbon Letters 35, no.6 (2025) : 2609-2616.doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00986-4
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