@article{ART003341998},
author={Gopakumar Gopika Meenakumari and Paul S. Prince Makarios and Govindasamy Mani and Trivedi Ravi and Saraswathyamma Beena},
title={Fe-Doped RuS2 nanodots/MWCNT electrodes for dual detection of xylazine and erythrosine: experimental and computational insights},
journal={Carbon Letters},
issn={1976-4251},
year={2026},
volume={36},
number={1},
pages={441-466},
doi={10.1007/s42823-025-00997-1}
TY - JOUR
AU - Gopakumar Gopika Meenakumari
AU - Paul S. Prince Makarios
AU - Govindasamy Mani
AU - Trivedi Ravi
AU - Saraswathyamma Beena
TI - Fe-Doped RuS2 nanodots/MWCNT electrodes for dual detection of xylazine and erythrosine: experimental and computational insights
JO - Carbon Letters
PY - 2026
VL - 36
IS - 1
PB - Korean Carbon Society
SP - 441
EP - 466
SN - 1976-4251
AB - A dual-analyte electrochemical platform was developed using RuS2-Fe nanodots and a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) incorporated RuS2-Fe composite (RuS2/MWCNT-Fe) composites for the sensitive detection of xylazine hydrochloride (XLZ) and erythrosine B (ERY). Both the RuS2-Fe nanodots and RuS2/MWCNT-Fe composites were synthesized via hydrothermal method then used to develop sensors via drop casting on glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). The RuS2-Fe nanodots and RuS2/MWCNT-Fe composites greatly improved the redox capacity of the interfacial region and electron transfer to the surface of the electrodes. Theoretical density functional calculations also validated experimental evidence of charge redistribution within the iron centres of the complex, narrowing of the band gap, and preferential adsorption of both XLZ and ERY. In particular, RuS2-Fe/GCE exhibited unprecedented electrodes within the context of the XLZ analyte, achieving 0.249 nM LOD and a linear range of 0.005–2500 µM. In contrasting work, RuS2/MWCNT-Fe composites electrode obtained 36 nM LOD and ranged 0.05–100 µM towards ERY. Careful analysis of electrochemical impedance and control studies utilizing pristine RuS2 with variable Fe concentrations, alongside extensive durability analysis, elucidated the significant influence of trace Fe concentrations on catalytic activity enhancements. In the context of recent reports on MXene, CNT, and oxide hybrids, the RuS2/MWCNT-Fe system still exhibited ample confirmations on charge transfer resistance and sensitivity. Proposed oxidation mechanisms illustrate the influence of iron on interfacial electron-proton coupling. The versatility of RuS2-Fe nanodots set as a carbon-based electrocatalyst has now been expanded to the dual detection of veterinary sedatives and food colorants. Such a development can be translated as a new stride toward the development of portable food safety, pharmaceutical quality control, and clinical diagnostics devices.
KW - Fe-doped RuS2 nanodots Electrochemical sensor Xylazine hydrochloride Erythrosine B Nanocomposite Voltammetry
DO - 10.1007/s42823-025-00997-1
ER -
Gopakumar Gopika Meenakumari, Paul S. Prince Makarios, Govindasamy Mani, Trivedi Ravi and Saraswathyamma Beena. (2026). Fe-Doped RuS2 nanodots/MWCNT electrodes for dual detection of xylazine and erythrosine: experimental and computational insights. Carbon Letters, 36(1), 441-466.
Gopakumar Gopika Meenakumari, Paul S. Prince Makarios, Govindasamy Mani, Trivedi Ravi and Saraswathyamma Beena. 2026, "Fe-Doped RuS2 nanodots/MWCNT electrodes for dual detection of xylazine and erythrosine: experimental and computational insights", Carbon Letters, vol.36, no.1 pp.441-466. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00997-1
Gopakumar Gopika Meenakumari, Paul S. Prince Makarios, Govindasamy Mani, Trivedi Ravi, Saraswathyamma Beena "Fe-Doped RuS2 nanodots/MWCNT electrodes for dual detection of xylazine and erythrosine: experimental and computational insights" Carbon Letters 36.1 pp.441-466 (2026) : 441.
Gopakumar Gopika Meenakumari, Paul S. Prince Makarios, Govindasamy Mani, Trivedi Ravi, Saraswathyamma Beena. Fe-Doped RuS2 nanodots/MWCNT electrodes for dual detection of xylazine and erythrosine: experimental and computational insights. 2026; 36(1), 441-466. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00997-1
Gopakumar Gopika Meenakumari, Paul S. Prince Makarios, Govindasamy Mani, Trivedi Ravi and Saraswathyamma Beena. "Fe-Doped RuS2 nanodots/MWCNT electrodes for dual detection of xylazine and erythrosine: experimental and computational insights" Carbon Letters 36, no.1 (2026) : 441-466.doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00997-1
Gopakumar Gopika Meenakumari; Paul S. Prince Makarios; Govindasamy Mani; Trivedi Ravi; Saraswathyamma Beena. Fe-Doped RuS2 nanodots/MWCNT electrodes for dual detection of xylazine and erythrosine: experimental and computational insights. Carbon Letters, 36(1), 441-466. doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00997-1
Gopakumar Gopika Meenakumari; Paul S. Prince Makarios; Govindasamy Mani; Trivedi Ravi; Saraswathyamma Beena. Fe-Doped RuS2 nanodots/MWCNT electrodes for dual detection of xylazine and erythrosine: experimental and computational insights. Carbon Letters. 2026; 36(1) 441-466. doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00997-1
Gopakumar Gopika Meenakumari, Paul S. Prince Makarios, Govindasamy Mani, Trivedi Ravi, Saraswathyamma Beena. Fe-Doped RuS2 nanodots/MWCNT electrodes for dual detection of xylazine and erythrosine: experimental and computational insights. 2026; 36(1), 441-466. Available from: doi:10.1007/s42823-025-00997-1
Gopakumar Gopika Meenakumari, Paul S. Prince Makarios, Govindasamy Mani, Trivedi Ravi and Saraswathyamma Beena. "Fe-Doped RuS2 nanodots/MWCNT electrodes for dual detection of xylazine and erythrosine: experimental and computational insights" Carbon Letters 36, no.1 (2026) : 441-466.doi: 10.1007/s42823-025-00997-1
