2012, Vol.10, No.2

Civil Society and NGO 2024 KCI Impact Factor : 0.84

pISSN : 1599-8568
https://journal.kci.go.kr/civil&NGO

In order to maximize follower’s advantage, this article overviews the history and current state of the Western welfare states and provides strategies for welfare state building in South Korea. Key arguments are as follows. First, the Korean welfare state of today appears the US-style welfare state in that its public social expenditure is concentrated in traditional social security programs such as pension and health and private social expenditure is large. Second, the Korean welfare state should follow the Swedish model by expanding social spending on family and employment and avoid the pitfalls of the ‘traditional’ welfare states in Southern Europe, the US, and Japan whose national competitiveness is declining. Third, expanding the Employment Insurance and introducing the Parental Insurance are the first step to strength programs to support family and employment. Forth, conversion of the Retirement Pension Scheme to the National Pension Scheme is recommended to secure both higher public pension benefits and financial sustainability. Fifth, increase in social insurance contribution and income tax is inevitable to finance the growing Korean welfare state, and expansion of proportional representation, improvement of quality of government, strengthening of solidarity-based labor movement are required to construct a genuine welfare state in South Korea.

This study aims to analyze whether the 'social origins' approach as an analytical framework is appropriate for a comparative analysis of giving culture(giving and volunteering) among OECD countries. For an empirical analysis, this study utilizes both the data set of Gallup International's 2011global giving and volunteering survey results of 153 countries and the OECD's data set of voluntary private social expenditure. Recently Korea has witnessed a steady growth of giving from individuals and corporations,but the level of giving and voluntary private social expenditure is not high enough to supplement the shortage of public social expenditure. A comparative analysis shows that Korea is not approaching the liberal or Anglo-saxon model of giving culutre, but still remains at the "statist"model, as suggested by the 'social origins' approach.

This study has, as an exploratory research about identity and scope of social enterprises, the purpose of analysing the characteristics of French social enterprises based on the structural-functional approach and legal approach. This study has found the following points. First, SIAE is the representative social enterprises of France in the perspective of structural-functional approach. As work-integration social enterprises which has the purpose of job creation for the disadvantaged,SIAE has installed as the principal partners for policies against poverty and social exclusion since the late 1990’s. Diversity of insertion structure,agreement, application of wage aid contract for the disadvantaged, strong role of the local government can be considered as SIAE’s characteristics. Second, the legal approach about social enterprise in France leads to a concern for Public interests Cooperative Ltd (Scic). Appeared in the year 2001, Scic has the significant meanings of new social economy’s organization which not only combines entrepreneurial spirit and social usefulness, introduces also a new way of democracy, despite its short history and modest employment effects. Third and finally, this study shows that the emergence of social enterprises in France seems to have the chance to expand outer margin of social economy through its reinterpretation, not to provoke weakening identity and dismantling. Because, despite the emphasis on its entrepreneurial attributes, the traditional values of social economy, that is limited profit distribution, democratic decision-making, independence and autonomy principle, social usefulness and public interest are inherent in the social enterprises. Whether these findings can be accepted generally will be a future research subject.