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Reading 19th Century Joseon through 『Daedong Yeojido』

  • The Journal of General Education
  • 2021, (15), pp.367~407
  • DOI : 10.24173/jge.2021.04.15.12
  • Publisher : Da Vinci Mirae Institute of General Education
  • Research Area : Social Science > Education > Field of Education > General Education
  • Received : March 21, 2021
  • Accepted : April 15, 2021
  • Published : April 30, 2021

Lee, Dae-hwa 1,  HAN MI RA 1

1중앙대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This thesis presents a method to reach the goal of liberal arts education effectively by discovering a new data or by diversifying viewpoints in analyzing existing data in Korean history education. For this purpose, a study method was designed to infer the state of society at the time of production of the old map in the late Joseon through its production technique and its contents. 『Daedong Yeojido』 completed in the 1860s is the most well-known map among those were produced in the late Joseon period. However, not much information of Kim Jeongho, the producer of 『Daedong Yeojido』 such as his family line, life and the method and process of production of the map and the book of geography was shared to the public. Thus, from the 1920s, the exaggerated stories about 『Daedong Yeojido』 and Kim Jeongho were created and circulated among the public. The stories such as Kim Jeongho drew the map by traveling all over the country or the society of Joseon and its ruling class at that time didn't understand the value of the map are the most popular ones. Even more exaggerated stories were created in the 1930s. After Heungseon Daewongun, who held the actual authority when Kim Jeongho completed Daedong Yeojido, saw the map, punished Kim Jeongho for leaking national securities and burned the woodblock inscribed with the map was one of the major stories created. Like this, distorted information about Kim Jeongho and 『Daedong Yeojido』 were published in elementary Korean textbook until 1970s. As a result, many Korean were biased against the late 19th century Joseon as an uncivilized society that couldn't appreciate the value of Kim Jeongho's work. Also, since curriculum of elementary education and Korean history in Middle and High school education teach the 19th century focusing on power politics, civil riot and corruption in taxation system it adds more weight that Kim Jeongho and 『Daedong Yeojido』 were unappreciated. As a result, current history education forms the biased idea toward 19th century. However, it is proved one by one in academic researches that the majority of existing stories related to Kim Jeongho are fictions without any historical basis. In the first place, the intention of creating the story of Kim Jeongho's suffering didn't mean any harms. It served a purpose to present an image of a person who overcame the agony and trouble by the modeling of Kim Jeongho for the people of Joseon under colonial rule. Nonetheless, when the Japanese Government General of Korea adopted that story for the textbook, it was distorted toward the direction to emphasize the incompetence of the Joseon Dynasty that was unable to recognize the value of 『Daedong Yeojido』 and to stress that the society of Joseonis uncivilized through Kim Jeongho's story of suffering. To take an another look at Daedong Yeojido based on recently published researches in the field of Korean History and Geography, it is known that the 19th century Joseon was not a “secluded” place that is underdeveloped and isolated. Therefore, when we reinterpret the 19th century Joseon through an old map (also a classical material) called Daedong Yeojido the negative prejudice toward the 19th century could be overcome. Also, the learners will achieve the objective of university liberal arts education by broadening their range of thought when they obtain new perspectives.

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