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Educational Method and Modern Significance in Seodang(書堂)

Choi, Yun-yong 1

1공주대학교

Candidate

ABSTRACT

The educational method in Seodang(書堂-private village school) during Joseon Dynasty assumed the one-on-one perfect learning model in line with the eye level according to an individual's ability in students. This implies that Seodang played a role of a leading star, adviser, and guide in learners while making a place of experience that the potentiality of each individual in students can be exerted. In the reality that the faith in public education is being collapsed, even the application of educational method to reality in Seodang has the educational significance. Seodang is the private educational institution in the elementary and secondary stages, which was established in units of Myeon(面) · Dong(洞) · Ri(里) by being become the main body in noble family(士族) and the people, which did put the living ground in the country-village society. This Seodang has been followed with having educational viability from the period of the Three States to the present. Seodang(書堂-private village school) is composed of village schoolmaster(訓長), Jeopjang(接長), and schoolchildren(學童). And, the learning was performed mainly by the individual teaching method with deciding on scope in line with learners' personal difference and its ability. Accordingly, even if having entered Seodang equally, the educational contents and the progress rate were varied according to its ability, thus the non-school year system was operated by level. The educational contents in Seodang comprise three courses(三敎科) that are Gangdok(講讀-reading with comments) of grasping the meaning in sentence by reading and reciting, Jesul(製述), which is activity of composing poems, and calligraphy(習字) in writing. And, even other than this, the field except reading with comments was taught through a play. The teaching-learning methods in Seodang include lecture(講), Gaengshingobeop(更辛苦法), Sunseungcheopbeop(循繩尺法), and educational method through a play. Lecture(講) is a method of question and answer. Gaengshingobeop(更辛苦法) is a method that allows a context to be learnt oneself with instruction by level. And, Sunseungcheopbeop(循繩尺法) is a perfect learning method through repetition. In addition to this, a play led to understanding about a systematic conception and grade on a government post, correlation in titles, rank, scenic spots and places of historic interest, climate and products, and figures. And, a play led to fostering the expressive power, a belonging sense to group, cooperative mind, combination power, law-abiding property, and local patriotism. The current educational structure is the monolithic educational method or the education of excessively centering on entrance examination, in which an individual's level is ignored. In this situation, one method, which draws students to a place of teaching, might be probably the educational method in Seodang. Even given examining theses on teaching-learning that were reported in academic circles, those are researches that focused mainly on efficiency in teaching. Thus, it is rare in the teaching-learning method by individual that focused on eye level in knowledge and human nature. Accordingly, even the integration in the educational method in Seodang and the teaching-learning method, which was reported to be efficient in modern times, can be said to have educational significance. There is no royal road to teaching. Still, there is just effort by doing the best for going to the royal road.

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