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Yeonhaeng (Travel to Yanjing) of 1836 and 『Gyeongoyuyeonilrok』 - Contents and Reality of Exchange between Intellectuals in Joseon and China -

  • Journal of Korean Classical Chinese Literature
  • Abbr : 한문고전연구
  • 2019, 39(1), pp.137-169
  • DOI : 10.18213/jkccl.2019.39.1.006
  • Publisher : The Classical Chinese Literature Association of Korea
  • Research Area : Humanities > Korean Language and Literature
  • Received : November 15, 2019
  • Accepted : December 17, 2019
  • Published : December 30, 2019

Choi-Sik 1

1성균관대학교 대동문화연구원

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The exchange of intellectuals in Joseon and China had gradually expanded after Hong Dae-yong met the literary men of Hangzhou in Beijing in 1766 to enter into the Cheonaejigi (special friend in far distance away). In general, the exchange of intellectuals in Joseon and China was made in direct method through Yeonhaeng and indirect method through the agency of a person. Furthermore, it is not possible to participate in Yeonhaeng every time that most cases involved indirect exchange through the agency of a person. 『Gyeongoyuyeonilrok』 displays the details on the aspect for the exchange of intellectuals in Joseon and China at the time. According to the statements of Jin Lim of the time, it displays the atmosphere of the time for the situation of China that desires the exchange with envoys of Joseon and yet to be unwilling to accept the envoys of Joseon with the tyranny of Eosa (royal emissary). Furthermore, it specifically requested not to misunderstand since Joseon had no suspicion and estrangement as it was different from other countries. This fact demonstrates that the intellectuals of China at that time considered the Joseon's envoys as well-known scholars to treat them with special privilege with the hope of communicating and establishing relationships. First, the roles of Kim Jung-hee and Kang Jin were sensed as they carried out the bridging role as well as establishing the exchange relations for intellectuals in Joseon and China. Looking into the case of Im Baek-yeon, it is considered to attempt the exchange with Kang Jin-bo and Jin Lim who had the acquaintance with Kang Jin after leaning the presence of Chinese intellectuals with the introduction of Kim Jung-hee and Kang Jin. In particular, people like Kang Jin-bo and Jin Lim are considered to carry out significant roles for the Joseon's envoys to exchange with the Chinese intellectuals. Second, the Chinese personnel that Im Baek-yeon met in the Yeonhaeng route would be around 20 persons, and even if Kang Jin-bo and Jin Lim who are mentioned earlier are excluded, there were close relations with Oh Gyun, Yo Ham, Wang See-Son with active exchanges. It displays not only the exchange of chidu (letters and mails), poetry and literacy and presents, but also the contents and reality of the exchange of intellectuals in Joseon and China to the fullest. In addition, in the publication of 『Sangganpyeon』, Hwang Jak-ja, Han Wun-hae and others were personally participated. Third, the personal agency in Yeonhaeng displays the scenes of significant exchange of chidu (letters and mails), poetry and literacy and presents of intellectuals in Joseon and China. Yeonhaeng of 1836 had the indirect exchange and its appearance can be confirmed in 『Gyeongoyuyeonilrok』. The items taken from Hanyang to Beijing show writing (Cho Gwang-jin), literary collection (『Haegeosicho』, Kim Yang-soon Sigwon (ansers in national examination), Jeonbyeolsichuk (「Sinchwimitaesajamyusicheop」), letter (letter of An Young) and others. On the other hand, for the items imported from Beijing to Hanyang, there are a variety of items with yangjangcheoltaeyeop, cigarette, brush, ink, folding fan (Ban Seok-eun - writing, Jang Sang-ji - writing, Hong Hyun-joo) writing (Oh Gyun Jang Chuk), collection of literature (『Samaesuksijip』, 『Juyeokcheonyo』, 『Yumuncheongongjip』, 『Songhaksaseunggi』), seal impression (‘Wangheesonin’), letter and gift (Cho Byung-goo, Bang Hee-yong, and Hong Seok-joo) and others. And, fourth, the writing and publication of 『Sangganpyeon』 was a remarkable incident for exchange of the intellectuals in Joseon and China. From the Yeonhaeng travel of the time, 15 poems from 8 persons were selected to publish a total of 27-je 120-soo on 『Sangganpyeon』 on the wooden block copy in Beijing. At that time, Hwang Jak-ja and Han Wun-hae also participated in the publication of 『Sangganpyeon』 that Hwang Jak-ja worked on editing as well as writing Soseo while Han Wun-hae wrote the book cover to place on the engraving plate. At that time, the publication of 『Sangganpyeon』 seemed to attract attention of intellectuals in Joseon and China. Because of such an attribute, Im Baek-yeon requested to clarify its innate intent of engraving plate and not to render any excessive implication. It is confirmed in the statement of ‘Buljibonui, Gangsaengchweyeja, Hajokhyulya, Yeokhajokbyeonya?’. In addition, 『Sangganpyeon』 for Dongjisahaeng in 1833 had profound relations to 『Yeonsasuceop』, a poetry collection on Yeonhaeng that was advocated by Jeongsa (Head Official) Cho Bong-jin, Busa (Deputy Official) Park Rae-gyeon and entourage Choi Heon-soo. Furthermore, 『Sangganpyeon』 influences on later generations that Shin Jwa-mo, in his Yeonhaeng of 1860 as Dongjijeongsa, to send his well-wishing remark of “Sangseogeumhaeng, Jeongyusangganskjip, Sabangjeonsa, Sanggyeongjigwi.” in his poem to Shin Seok-woo. It is deemed to be the passage expected for writing work as in 『Sangganpyeon』 of Shin Jae-sik in Yeonhaeng since Shin Seok-woo was a nephew of Shin Jae-sik.

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