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Construction and Characteristics of Yanggae Castles in the Goryeo Dynasty

신안식 1

1숙명여자대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This research explores the characteristics of Yanggae Castles with emphasis on size and facilities of the Castle in Yanggae region. During the first half of the Goryeo Dynasty, the construction of castles were actively promoted in Yanggae, northern part of Gaegyeong. Its symbolic construction have two purposes: integration of Yanggae region with walls of the castle and the embodiment of territory awareness, which was the border of the Goryeo Dynasty. The Yanggae System in the Goryeo Dynasty was composed of Gyeonggi System which had a center of Gaegyeong, the capital. In addition to five-district system (so-called Odo System), Yanggae System was organized as a local system. However, there has been little information about the scope and managing conditions of Yanggae village so far. This aspect arises from not only lack of references but also archeological excavation. Knowledge of the size and facilities of the Castles is a prerequisite for understanding the local village community Yanggae. This starts from the point of Yanggae System as a local system. Moreover, processes and aspects of building up and changes a local community will be investigated to help us understand Yanggae System. By establishing Gateway, the frontier spirit of the Goryeo Dynasty was proclaimed externally. In particular, significantly representative was the Long Wall of Goryeo which had consisted of fortresses in northern parts, built from the first half of the Goryeo Dynasty. Castles in Yanggae region played pivotal roles in building up the frontier spirit as well as in enhancing relationships with a northern race. Castle facilities in Yanggae comprised of castle gates, entrances to water, castle heads, and small-scale castles including Chaseong, Cheopone and Jungseong. In addition, Soo, which consisted of Boja, was attached to the main castle. Their scales were ranged from 236 kan(430m) to 1807 kan(3,290m). During the early Goryro Dynasty, the fortress in Heunggyodo region as the fore front was classified as a big one. However, when the border was extended to the Yalu River, the large-scaled fortress could be found in Heungwhado region as in Heunggyodo region. Fortresses in Wunjungdo and Sakbangdo regions were not as large as ones in Heungwhado and Heunggyodo regions. This fact discloses the situation and prospect of outbound political forces such as Kitan and Yeojin during the first half of the Goryeo Dynasty. In conclusion, the facilities of the fortress system in Yanggae region are regarded as part of the Yanggae System. Furthermore, the Yanggae System provides meaningful materials to reveal how Yanggae villages were established and changed.

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