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The Study of Welfare for the killed and Wounded in the Early Joseon Dynasty

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ABSTRACT

The feature of Joseon's nation system was the centralization of government. In the military system, the rising of government power increased the duty of remuneration for the killed and wounded. Government invented the new system said Bok-Ho(復戶). Bok-Hohadbeen made in the late14th century,when traditional military system that nation gave lands to soldiers award for their service had been collapsed. Government selected indirectly way, exemption of service instead of giving material award. This exemption system was fitted to The New dynasty Joseon's military system, that had drilling system free from giving land. Bok-Ho(復戶) system was established by law. It was contained in Gyeongjeyukjeon(經濟六典) and Gyeongukdaeajeon(經國大典) But compensation was very small, because Joseon's finance condition was poor. family of a killed only received exemption of military duty for 3 years and 3 seok(石) of rice and bean. Rice and bean were not remuneration but funeral expense. Bok-Ho(復戶) was exemption of military duty or employment by office. In the Joseon, one man per family had to serve, if family possessed three men who were capable of military service, from 16 to 60 year sold. During he served in military, two men staying at home were exempted from another order by office which requisite labor. ExceptBok-Ho(復戶) and funeral expense, Government didn't approve any material support, and diverting Bok-Ho(復戶) forward financial add. For instance, at first, Government ordered not to requisite men in Bok-Ho(復戶) family on work for product tributes. Then, from late 15C, product of tributes was changed. Government and people prepared tributes to collect tax, by which Government or officer bought necessary product. Government didn't approve exemption of this new tax, because this was not labor but money. In the view of this point, it is difficult to regard Bok-Ho(復戶) as real compensation system. Because even though Bok-Ho(復戶) was not exist, if a man had been killed or wounded,family had no man to serve except owing not less than 4 men. But family to have more than 4 men was a very few. Therefore Bok-Ho(復戶) could not help poor family in finance. Realmaterial help was only funeral expense.

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