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A StudyontheChina'sWarDecisionFactors -FocusingontheChina-Vietnam War-

권준문 1

1국방부

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Throughouthistory,wars between emerging powerfulnations and the originaloneshavebroughta changein theinternationalorder.Struggles among European powers such as Espana,Netherlands,England between 16th and18th centuriessupportsitwell.Each countrieshadcompetedfor powerand foughtmany wars.In such perspective,China'srisein power willbethereason forChinatomaintain itsown orderthrough expanding military,whichisthesymbolforpower,andsuch action willfurtheraffect theinternationalorderandEastAsiaregioninnegativeways.Thus,strong power is needed in order to assign China the bigger responsibility and commitment. Moreover, China is expanding its military to prepare for diversifiednew threatsandpossiblewarandtoprofitforitssurvival.Such future China willmore likely to become a majorthreatto its neighbor countriesratherthanacontributiontocommonprosperity. The research has utilized Waltz's three images to analyze China's war decision in caseoftheChina-Vietnam War.In otherwords,threeelements calledindividual,nation,internationalstructureexplainwhyChinadeclared warupon Vietnam atthetime.Therearethreereasonswhich causedthe war:awarenessofChina'sleaderslikeDeungShaoPing in an individual scale, change in China's strategy in a nationalscale, and change in internationalorder First reason is the awareness of China's political leaders. This is differentfrom the Western conceptoffairamong countries.Analyze how china recognized other countries and how this caused China to declare war.ThatistosayChina'spoliticalleaders',includingDeong ShaoPing,historicalawareness ofcolonized Vietnam and geopoliticalawareness of EastAsiagreatlyaffectedChina'sactionforwar. Secondreason isthechangein China'sstrategy.AfterDeon ShaoPing's rein,therewas a change in termsofitsmilitary and economy.China's military,changedfrom Communistswarfarestrategytomodern Communist warfare strategy,stressed more on offense,so the new conceptofwar strategy affected the war execution procedure. And in order to secure assets and skills needed for its economic growth, China realized the importanceofChineseresidentabroad.Vietnam'soppression policy,which wasagainsttheChinesepolicy,convincedChinaforitswar. Third reason isthechangein localinternationalorder.In otherwords,Vietnam'saction in breaking away from China and in allyingwith Soviet Union heightened the tension for war.Vietnam's oppression on Chinese residents and Cambodian's military invasion worsened the relationship between China and Vietnam. As the complications occurred, Vietnam moved toward more Soviet-friendly policy.As a result,China decided to wage war when it understood Vietnam-Soviet relations as a threat in China'ssecurity. In conclusion, analyzing China's decision factors before the China-Vietnam War can be used to understand strategy ofpowerfulcountries around China.IfChina's three factors,as mentioned above,areused to analyzeChina'sfuturerise,whetherChinausesitsmilitarypowerforthe sakeofitssurvivalandsecurity. Once again, through out the research on China's war determination factors,we can prospectthatwhich theory remains in the relation with adjacentnationsamongChinathreattheoryandpeacedevelopmenttheory

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