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India-Burma Campaigns and the Chinese Expeditionary Force

Se-Chan Ki 1

1국방대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

After the outbreak of the Pacific war, the military alliance was formed among the U.S, China and the U.K. However, the three countries imposed different strategic purposes. As a result, due to strategic differences to counter Japan among those countries and the appointment of Stilwell caused the total defeat of the allied power at Burma less than two months of their engagement against Japan. After 1943 when the war started to turn in favor of the allied forces through the Europe and the Pacific, the U. S., China, and the U.K. made a final decisions that was to concentrate its power on Germany first, and then on Japan. Meanwhile, the initiation and the training of Chinese expeditionary forces, X and Y forces for the allied forces’ counterattack in the Southeast Asia, progressed rather quickly under the command of General Stilwell. The formation of X force was superior to any of the Chinese troops in terms of the quality and quantity. The troop’s combat power was comparable to that of Japan and it was to be used as the main force for the counter attack in Burma. The counter operation in Northern Burma started in December 1943 and ended in victories by using Y force as main force in support of X force in January 27, 1945. However, the prior strategic focus on Europe by the U.S. and the U.K. and the Northern Burma operation yielded a serious consequence. Due to the Japan’s No. 1 operation, China lost most of its eastern territory and the Chines force was on the verge of collapse. When the Japanese main troops attacked the Chinese mainland, the China’s most powerful troops were fighting in Burma. It was no doubt that the Teheran agreement of Europe centric strategy made the war in Europe to end more quickly. However, this strategy eventually caused a great disaster in Northeast Asia. In North Eastern Asia, the Soviet Union could expand its influence in Manchuria while the three countries focused their efforts on Burma. This caused a decisive impact on the Chinese civil war after the war ended.

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