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The Korean War and its Impact on NATO Expansion, Focusing on Greece and Turkey

Jeong, Ki-Hyuk 1

1국방대학교

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ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of the Korean War on the expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the process of NATO expansion, especially in Greece and Turkey. NATO was founded on April 4, 1949 to stop Soviet expansion. When the Korean War broke out, NATO felt a real threat to the Soviet Union and needed to strengthen its alliance accordingly. Among the existing studies, there were rare studies directly raised the relationship between the Korean War and NATO. It was mentioned as part of the relationship, but only mentioned as the background of the recognition change. Therefore, this study analyzes the process from the creation of NATO to the perception and change of NATO's threats after the Korean War, and the expansion of NATO after Greece and Turkey's participation in the Korean War. To this end, NATO's strategic documents at the time and secondary sources analyzed later are mainly used. In the wake of the Korean War, NATO recognized the importance of the Middle East and the Mediterranean Sea as it considered the expansion of the alliance, and considered the membership of Greece and Turkey for further eastward expansion. Greece and Turkey participated in the Korean War with political intentions to join NATO, and in conclusion, NATO members, including the United States, agreed to join in 1952, resulting in the first expansion of the alliance. It is hoped that studying NATO's expansion due to the Korean War will help us understand the ongoing Ukraine-Russia war and thereby study the expansion of the NATO alliance, which remains strong even about 70 years later.

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