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A Study on 1896 Jeongsan battle under Cheong, Inhee, vanguard of the First Hongju righteous army

  • military history
  • 2024, (130), pp.113-144
  • Publisher : Military History Institute, MND
  • Research Area : Humanities > History
  • Received : January 7, 2024
  • Accepted : February 22, 2024
  • Published : March 15, 2024

조준희 1

1국학인물연구소

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study conducted an in-depth comparative analysis of the government troops’ military operation to suppress the First Hongju Righteous Army led by CheongInhee, known as the Battle of Jeongsan. Previous academic studies have not addressed the situations faced by both the vanguard leader CheongInhee and the government troops; therefore, this study conducted a literature analysis and field work. The governor of Cheongyang-gun, CheongInhee, became the leader of the army’s vanguard on January 18, 1896 and formed an army of 2,000 righteous soldiers. Then, CheongInhee attacked Gongju-bu, which was within a 41km distance. The Confucian scholars, including chief advisor Lee Se Young, had assisted under his command and the Station Staff of the Geumjeong Public stage station were key members of the righteous army. However, it was found that they did not have sufficient equipment for the rugged environment and badweather.They had marched for 18.6 km and stayed at Jeongsan for 3 days. At that time, 50 soldiers in the platoon of Koo Wanhee, among the 100 Gongju-bu government troops, were hidden in ambush at Gongsuwon at the border between Jeongsan and Gongju, and 50 soldiers in the platoon of Paik Rak-Wan defended at the back. The advance party of the righteous army that resumed their advance in the evening ofJanuary 21 was ambushed by the government troop’s feint strategy when they reached Gongsuwon and the late-arriving group ran away, at which point they were defeated. The main reason for the defeat was that the government troop, despite being smaller in size, had stronger firepower and their strategy was in a superior position. In academia, Cheolmajeong has been known as the Jeongsan battle area; however, it was confirmed that Jeongsan-gun Gongsuwon (currently Songam-ri, Mok-myeon, Cheongyang-gun) was the Jeongsan battle area. After the defeat, Cheong Inhee was dismissed from the position of governor, and left the Chungnam area. Others, including Lee Se Young who had served under Cheong Inhee, initiated the Second Hongju righteous army rebellion in 1906 following the failed experience of joining the war. Through a comparative analysis of the strategies employed by the government troops and the early Righteous Army, this study isexpectedtocontributetoacademicresearchinmilitaryandhistory, as well as studies on regional history.

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