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Socialist Linkages and Choseon New Culture Movement of Northeast Asia in the 1920s: Focus on Gaebyeok(開闢) of the Cheondogyo(天道敎) Magazine

  • The Journal of Northeast Asia Research
  • Abbr : NEA
  • 2019, 34(2), pp.175-203
  • DOI : 10.18013/jnar.2019.34.2.006
  • Publisher : The Institute for Northeast Asia Research
  • Research Area : Social Science > Political Science > International Politics > International Relations / Cooperation
  • Received : October 24, 2019
  • Accepted : December 23, 2019
  • Published : December 31, 2019

Hyejung Jung 1

1원광대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

In the 1920s, the situation in Northeast Asia tended to combine class liberation and national liberation by linking socialism under the confrontation of capital imperialism vs. the proletarian class, oppressed people, and oppressed nations. Choseon's acceptance of socialism began in the late 1910s, but the officially confirmed document originated in the 1920s Cheondogyo magazine Gaebyeok. Lee Dong-gok(李東谷), who acted as a correspondent for Gaebyeok, introduced China's new-culture movement and social revolution to Korea. Kim Ki-jeon(金起田) and Lee Don-hwa(李敦化) adapted the Chinese social revolution and Russian socialism to suit the Choseon status and situation. With farmers accounting for 90% of the population and a small number of workers, the class movement in Chosun called for awakening of farmers. In addition, it developed a peasant movement that made the Choseon ‘Youth Union’ a mainstream of movement. Also, Marx's "history of class struggle" was called "history of human liberation." And "Workers of all nations unite!" changed to "Proletarian of all nations unite!" It was argued that the source of class consciousness stems from the Donghak(東學) revolution. Class consciousness was not based on revolutionary means from the outset, but on the basis of universal consciousness first entering into Innaecheon thought and forming into a spirit of creation and mutual solidarity. The subject of movement of the Choseon liberation was unity of the Choseon Youth Union, the proletarian Youth, and the roots of the "Infinity of human nature" and the culturalist politics of the whole people. Thus, the last revolution would come out of Choseon. And the principle of the revolution lies in the "great ideal of the Gaebyeok" that everyone will resonate.

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This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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