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Bupyeong Locality and Migrant －Focusing on the Period of 1945∼1960’s－

  • Journal of Humanities
  • 2010, (46), pp.93-124
  • Publisher : Institute for Humanities
  • Research Area : Humanities > Other Humanities

Oh, Mi Il 1,  조관연 1

1부산대학교

Candidate

ABSTRACT

At the end of Japanese colonial period, munitions factories and arsenals of Japanese leading monopolistic capital were built in Bupyeong. Consequently,civil engineers and day laborers as well as other workers and engineers, who desired to work in the factories, commenced to migrate from all over the country or Japan. This indicated that Bupyeong was a place the Japanese monopolistic capital intended to make as a transnational industrial area, precisely speaking, a place where the labor forces within Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere could ‘freely’ move. But these factory operations stopped upon liberation. Right after liberation, most of Bupyeong area was agricultural area and just some business district was formed around Bupyeong station where service industry grew. Geographically Bupyeong was functioning as a settlement for the compatriots who returned back from Japan or China like Shanghai and Beijing right after liberation. The war victims most of whom were absolute relief recipients had to sleep out in the open under the worst sanitary condition especially due to a serious shortage of house. During the Korean War, the refugees from Pyeongan Province and Whanghae Province were entering through Incheon Port and settled down in Bupyeong. More than 60% of those refugees were also relief recipients under a serious threat of livelihood. The war victims or refugees settled down in several parts by individual but in many cases they settled down in a refugee camp or in a place as a group by the settlement policy such as cultivation of tideland or wasteland. The natives sometimes even kept a jealous eye on the refugee-migrants who had strong ability to maintain their livelihood and became superior economic power than the natives so that they led the commercial supremacy in Bupyeong market. Bupyeong’s image that it was a place where many of refugee camps for war victims and refugees, collective farm for wounded soldiers, Hansen’s disease patient camp, prison and enlightenment facility for tramp were located was projected onto ‘locality of otherness’. In other words, Bupyeong citizen thought Bupyeong was still a segregated space neglected and excluded in Incheon even though it was incorporated into Inchoen-bu in 1940. Meanwhile, one of the most important thing that acted on Bupyeong’s image in 1950’s and 1960’s was ASCOM and its neighbored military campside town,which were formed due to the U.S. Forces’ takeover of the Japanese military arsenal after liberation and became a center of Bupyeong’s local economy in that era. Strangers came into Bupyeong for the purpose of getting a job in the U.S. camp, making self-employed business toward U.S. soldiers and military campside town or making other commercial activities. The image created by the migrants around the military campside town in 1950’s ∼1960’s acted on forming locality called Bupyeong’s military campside city.

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This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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