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Analysis of the Cause and Route of Migration of Evenki Centering on Clan Name

  • Journal of Humanities
  • 2016, (60), pp.209-245
  • Publisher : Institute for Humanities
  • Research Area : Humanities > Other Humanities
  • Received : December 26, 2015
  • Accepted : January 28, 2016

Eom, Soon-Cheon 1

1성공회대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause and route of migration of Evenki centering on the family names of Evenki. The migration of Evenki is related with historical and environmental factors, and it began in the ancient times much before the 17th century and ended around the beginning of the 20th century, which is divided into 3 periods. The 1st migration took place around the 6th∼7th centuries in relation to the northing of Turk, the 2nd migration took place around the 12th∼13th century in relation to the expansion of Mongols, and the 3rd migration took place after the 17th century in relation to the emergence of Russian people in Siberia and the colonization policy. The 1st migration of Evenki can be simplified into the northing of Turk in the west of Pribaikaliye and Zabaikaliye→ migration of Evenki and Turk to the east of Zabaikaliye, Priamuriye, and the west of Zabaikaliye, and the division of Evenki and Even. The 2nd migration of Evenki can be simplified into the rapid expansion of Mongol→migration of Buryat to Pribaikaliye→migration of Turk from Pribaikaliye to the upstream of Lena River→migration of Evenki and Tungus from the upstream of Lena River to the left bank and downstream of Lena, Tayga in the downstream of Aldan River and Okhotsk region. The 3rd migration of Evenki was an extensive phenomenon which cannot be compared with the 1st and 2nd migrations in terms of scale and range, was influenced by multiple causes, and continued for 3 centuries from the beginning of the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century. During this period, there were frequent migrations within the region influenced by both artificial and natural causes. The reason for the migration of Evenki in the beginning of the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century is quite complicated, however, is mainly the colonization policy of Russia and the violence and tyranny of Russian people, the frequent conflict between Evenki and Russian people due to the policy and violence, the conflict between families of Evenki, and the pressure of Yakut and Buryat that had dominance in terms of population and force. As described above, Evenki had to spend turbulent years, wandering throughout East Siberia due to internal and external circumstances between the 17th century and the beginning of the 20th century.

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