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On Ch'ing Confucianism

  • PHILOSOPHY·THOUGHT·CULTURE
  • 2005, (1), pp.203~261
  • Publisher : Research Institute for East-West Thought
  • Research Area : Humanities > Other Humanities

Yoo, Heun-Woo 1

1동국대학교

ABSTRACT

The best way to characterize Ch'ing Confucianism is to contrast it with what is called Song-Ming neo-Confucianism. Song-Ming neo-Confucians were primarily moral Philosophers debating endlessly among themselves on metaphysical questions such as whether 'moral principles'(理) are inherent in 'human nature'(性) or in 'human mind'(心). As a result, the Song-Ming period witnessed the emergence and development of a rivalry between two major philosophical systems represented, respectively, by the Cheng-Zhu and the Lu-Wang schools. By contrast, Ch'ing Confucians were, first and foremost, scholars devoting themselves to painstaking philological explication of classical and historical texts. They took great pride in having reestablished the Confucian canon on the foundations of critical scholarship, aided by the newly sharpened tools or philology. This is precisely why 'classical scholarship' has generally been indentified by modern intellectual historians as the quintessence of Ch'ing Confucianism, as opposed to the metaphysical speculation of Song-Ming neo- Confucianism. This contrast makes it clear that whereas Song-Ming neo-Confucians and Ch'ing Confucians studied the same body of the sacred text, they were guided by two entirely different paradigms. Therefore, it can be safely assumed that a paradigm shift must have taken place during the intellectual transition from the Ming to the Ch'ing. An inquiry into why and how this epochal shift occurred will provide us with a convenient way to trace the origins of Ch'ing Confucianism.

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