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The Significance of Culture in Human Adaptation

  • PHILOSOPHY·THOUGHT·CULTURE
  • 2019, (29), pp.119~138
  • DOI : 10.33639/ptc.2019..29.006
  • Publisher : Research Institute for East-West Thought
  • Research Area : Humanities > Other Humanities
  • Received : December 19, 2018
  • Accepted : January 30, 2019
  • Published : January 31, 2019

Kim, Junhong 1

1포항공과대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Broadly, there are two kinds of explanations for human success and intellectual accomplishment in evolutionary anthropology. According to cognitive niche hypothesis, unlike other animals which have only intelligence for a specific ecology they are expected to live in, human has exploited improvisational intelligence, hence bigger brain and higher intelligence has evolved. On the other hand, cultural niche hypothesis posits that hominins has faced environmental and social challenge with cumulative culture. Cultural niche hypothesis emphasizes collective intelligence and, unlike cognitive niche hypothesis, exactly predicts the relationship between population size and complexity of cultural knowledge. As the accuracy of social learning becomes higher and culture accumulates incrementally, culture become a driving force in human evolution. This paper champions cultural niche hypothesis by examining some examples from human evolution.

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