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Problems and Improvement of the Korea’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) Program: Focusing on the Saemaul Undong

  • Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies
  • Abbr : JAPS
  • 2017, 24(3), pp.71-103
  • DOI : 10.18107/japs.2017.24.3.003
  • Publisher : Institute of Global Affairs
  • Research Area : Social Science > Social Science in general
  • Received : May 2, 2017
  • Accepted : June 26, 2017
  • Published : September 30, 2017

JANG Jun-Young 1

1한국외국어대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes an alternative to strengthen aid effectiveness, evaluating Korea’s official development assistance (ODA) on Myanmar. In doing so, this author chose the Saemaul Undong as a representative case of Korea’s ODA program and has done field research in the two villages which had conducted the Saemaul Undong. The project had conducted in field of economic capital accumulation and social capital accumulation. The former contains to build a road, renovate house mainly including change of roof, introduce new income generation system of household like pig and chicken farm and financial loan system, the latter aimed to build up self-help and self-reliance among villagers. However it cannot find crucial factors the reason two villages were chosen a model village, so villagers did not recognize a real purpose of the Saemaul Undong project. Furthermore, Korean specialists who are not familiar to Myanmar’s current rural area did not communicate with villagers. Although construction of social infrastructure was partly successful, projects related to self-help and self-reliance were not continued so that income of village was not raise. Moreover, some agricultural instruments and small textile company were not in operation, since the Korean government did not consider demands and collect villagers’ opinion. In terms of social capital, the villagers divided into an incumbent ruling group and the new Saemaul leader’s group. In other word, for villagers new outer institution was a kind of a new challenge on the traditional rural area. Villagers intended to keep their living standard not understanding of new institution with passive resistance to take part in the project. In conclusion and an alternative, Myanmar specialists or natives should be involved in the stage of feasibility studies, conducting the project. Mainly these could be an moderator when it needs communicate with villagers and trouble happens in the village. To strengthen of aid effectiveness could achieve when universality and particularity fulfill each other, which means specialists on the specific region should participate in the ODA project.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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