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Nationalism, Chinese Dream, and Masculinities in Modern China

  • Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies
  • Abbr : JAPS
  • 2022, 29(3), pp.77-109
  • DOI : 10.18107/japs.2022.29.3.003
  • Publisher : Institute of Global Affairs
  • Research Area : Social Science > Social Science in general
  • Received : August 9, 2022
  • Accepted : September 13, 2022
  • Published : September 30, 2022

LEE Eungchel 1

1덕성여자대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

In recent years, there is strong tendency for nationalism and patriotism in China. This article examines the masculinities in Chinese nationalism and patriotism, and tries to interpret them in socio-cultural context of modern China. In many societies, there are some stereotypes of ‘manhood’ or ‘womanhood.’ In fact, however, masculinity or femininity is not something fixed, but is constantly changing and exists in plural forms in every society. In ancient China, masculinity is categorized by the dichotomy of wen(scholar) and wu(warrior) and during the socialist revolutionary era, the image of a man with devotion and sacrifice was respected. In the context of nationalism and patriotism, an image of ‘strong man’ is emphasized while ‘effeminate masculinity’ tends to be excluded. The image of strong man is closely related to the Chinese dream, which aims to realize the ‘great revival of the Chinese nation.’ In particular, the Chinese dream which links the development of a strong nation with individual prosperity of Chinese people, reveals the traditional patriarchal attitude that a man as a breadwinner need to have ability and responsibility for his family and his country. The masculinity that is reproduced in nationalism and patriotism is located at the point where national ideology and gender ideology meet. Unfortunately, the emphasis on strong masculinity in Chinese society may be a social structural problem that has already been established. If the relationship of patriotism and masculinity is more regarded as important, it would be possible that some internal issues like gender politics in China are less considered seriously.

Citation status

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