2018, Vol.18, No.3

Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.34

pISSN : 1598-6160
https://journal.kci.go.kr/jkca

The Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu, is considered to have left a great footprint in Japan’s cartographic history. Nagakubo Sekisui, a cartographer and scholar of Chinese classics, completed this map after studying the historical materials for over twenty years. Since its first publication in 1779, the map was reprinted many times for about a century until the early Meiji period of the 1870s. In this study, I have discussed the map’s position in Japan’s cartographic history, looked into the life and works of Sekisui and the production process of the map, cartographically analysed its contents and features, and examined Ulleungdo and Dokdo represented in the map’s different editions. I have discovered that the Kaisei Nihon yochi rotei zenzu described Ulleungdo and Dokdo as belonging to the territory of Chosen until its fifth edition, published in 1840.

Previous researches on Argonaut island has been limited to revealing basic information about the discovery of the island off the coast of Ulleungdo in the summer of 1791. This study aims to concretize the nautical life of the British explorer James Colenett, who found the ‘doubtful island’ Argonaut, and the background of his journey to the East Sea and his discovery of the Argonaut island. The results of this study are as follows: first, Colnett’s the second fur trade voyage was aimed at selling fur to China at the same time as it build a permanent foothold in Nootka, the hub place of fur trade on the northwest Pacific coast. Second, when the Colnett’s fleet entered Macao with sea otter fur on board, they turned to Korea and Japan to find a new market as the Chinese government imposed a fur trade ban. Third, Colnett tried to trade with natives of Korea and Japan, but his trial failed. However, when he tried to find out a trade port along the east coast of Korean peninsula, he found an island near Ulleungdo Island. And this discovery was reflected in various maps made in the West, and was disseminated for more than half a century. Fourth, the map of Aron Arrowsmith, which was produced in 1798, marked only the breaking point of the rudder of the Argonaut, but from the map of Arrowsmith of 1811, Argonaut island was drawn permanently. Consequentially, during the mid-19th century, Japan had coped the nautical charts produced in UK, and Takeshima and Matushima were put in the place of Argonaut island and Dagelet island in this process. Consequently, from the mid-19th century, the meaning of Matsushima have changed from Dokdo island to Ulleungdo island in Japan.

This paper aims to elaborate the topic of dual naming; its nature, typology, motivations, methods, and most importantly, ways to pursue it, with specific focus on the naming of the sea between Korea and Japan. Beginning by a review of the definition of dual naming and circumstances under which dual names appear, it takes note of motivations of dual naming, including recognizing different identities without taking the risk of claiming one at the expense of the other, achieving universal human values by keeping balance between two names, reflecting the reality that both names are already used, and satisfying the rule in multi-lingual areas. Various methods of dual naming are listed in consideration of the relative status given to each name. It is pointed out that what matters will be how acceptable each of the methods is to each party concerned. Three items are suggested to discuss further: responses to barriers to dual naming, institutional framework to activate dual naming, and benefits that each party and the international society will receive by achieving dual naming.