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@article{ART002534445},
author={lee mi ra},
title={Effects of the amount of smoking and the duration of smoking on bleeding and pain of gingival by drinking in adolescents},
journal={Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene},
issn={2287-1705},
year={2019},
volume={19},
number={6},
pages={951-961},
doi={10.13065/jksdh.20190081}

TY - JOUR
AU - lee mi ra
TI - Effects of the amount of smoking and the duration of smoking on bleeding and pain of gingival by drinking in adolescents
JO - Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
PY - 2019
VL - 19
IS - 6
PB - Korean Society of Dental Hygiene
SP - 951
EP - 961
SN - 2287-1705
AB - Objectives: This study aims to evaluate how the amount and duration of smoking effects the bleeding and pain of gingival among adolescents in Korea while also taking into consideration the impact of drinking. Methods: Data were utilized from a web-based survey of youth health behaviors conducted by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016. The subjects of the study included 65,528 adolescents from middle and high schools. As dependent variables, bleeding and pain of gingival were used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS Version 20.0 program. Results: After adjusting for the general characteristics and oral health behaviors of the subjects, in the long-term, the ≥0.52 PY group (heavy smoker) experienced 1.28 times higher bleeding and pain of gingival than the ＜0.52 PY group (light smoker) among adolescents who smoke and drink at the same time. Adolescents who smoked without drinking did not show any difference on bleeding and pain of gingival according to the amount of smoking in the short- and long-term. However, the findings reveal that there was a difference on bleeding and pain of gingival according to tooth brushing frequency. Conclusions: In order to promote the periodontal health of adolescents, it is argued that programs and projects should be implemented to prevent, educate, and control simultaneous behaviors of smoking and drinking.
KW - Adolescents;Drinking;Gingival Hemorrhage;Smoking
DO - 10.13065/jksdh.20190081
ER -

lee mi ra. (2019). Effects of the amount of smoking and the duration of smoking on bleeding and pain of gingival by drinking in adolescents. Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene, 19(6), 951-961.

lee mi ra. 2019, "Effects of the amount of smoking and the duration of smoking on bleeding and pain of gingival by drinking in adolescents", Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene, vol.19, no.6 pp.951-961. Available from: doi:10.13065/jksdh.20190081

lee mi ra "Effects of the amount of smoking and the duration of smoking on bleeding and pain of gingival by drinking in adolescents" Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene 19.6 pp.951-961 (2019) : 951.

lee mi ra. Effects of the amount of smoking and the duration of smoking on bleeding and pain of gingival by drinking in adolescents. 2019; 19(6), 951-961. Available from: doi:10.13065/jksdh.20190081

lee mi ra. "Effects of the amount of smoking and the duration of smoking on bleeding and pain of gingival by drinking in adolescents" Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene 19, no.6 (2019) : 951-961.doi: 10.13065/jksdh.20190081

lee mi ra. Effects of the amount of smoking and the duration of smoking on bleeding and pain of gingival by drinking in adolescents. Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene, 19(6), 951-961. doi: 10.13065/jksdh.20190081

lee mi ra. Effects of the amount of smoking and the duration of smoking on bleeding and pain of gingival by drinking in adolescents. Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene. 2019; 19(6) 951-961. doi: 10.13065/jksdh.20190081

lee mi ra. Effects of the amount of smoking and the duration of smoking on bleeding and pain of gingival by drinking in adolescents. 2019; 19(6), 951-961. Available from: doi:10.13065/jksdh.20190081

lee mi ra. "Effects of the amount of smoking and the duration of smoking on bleeding and pain of gingival by drinking in adolescents" Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene 19, no.6 (2019) : 951-961.doi: 10.13065/jksdh.20190081