2021, Vol., No.70

Characteristics of Japanese learners in the use of consecutive fillers: Comparison with those of native speakers of Japanese

Kojima Kenji | 2021, (70) | pp.5~20 | number of Cited : 0

The usage patterns of Japanese and Korean ‘nominal expressions’ and ‘suspended clauses’ in remake dramas: Based on Dragon Zakura and Master of Study

Kim, Joung-Min | 2021, (70) | pp.21~37 | number of Cited : 1

Reading comprehension guessing strategies of Korean-speaking learners of Japanese

Noda Hisashi , Yim Jae Hee | 2021, (70) | pp.39~57 | number of Cited : 1

When Japanese learners are reading Japanese documents and come across unfamiliar phrases, they may guess at the meanings based on the significance of individual kanji, or according to context. In this paper, we asked Korean-speaking learners of Japanese to read Japanese documents, and then investigated how they guessed at the meanings of unknown parts of phrases. As a result, it became clear that learners used one of the following four types of guessing strategies. Whichever the guessing strategy employed, we found both successful and unsuccessful cases. (1) Guessing from characters (kanji): When a learner finds kanji that he/she does not know, for example, “受け入れ (ukeire),” he/she can guess the meaning of “accept” from the known kanji, 入 (incoming), used in the latter half of 受け入れ (ukeire). (2) Guessing from words in the sentence: When a learner encounters an unknown word, for example “gyuuziru (牛耳る),” he/she tries to find a known word in the surrounding context. Since he/she has the expression “eriito-soo (エリート層),” which is the subject of “Pari no seizi-keizai o gyuuziru (パリの政治経済を牛耳る)” as part of the clause with “gyuuziru (牛耳る)” he/she can guess the meaning of “gyuuziru” to be “affect.” (3) Guessing from grammar: When a learner finds an unknown expression, “mitomeraremasen (認められません),” for example, and knows the grammar form “…masen (ません)” which expresses the negative, he/she can guess “mitomeraremasen” as “must not.” (4) Guessing from context: When a learner finds an unknown phrase such as “atama o sagemasita,” he/she tries to find the meaning from the context around that phrase. Since he/she finds the known phrase “moosiwakenai-keredo,” which expresses an “apology,” he/she can guess that “atama o sagemasita” also has the meaning of “apologize.”

A study on foreign language translation of Chinese tourist scenic spots: Focusing on Chinese-Japanese translation

xuyingyan , Li Dongzhe | 2021, (70) | pp.59~72 | number of Cited : 0

A study on the fluency of Japanese learners in monologue-type tasks: Focusing on time and non-fluency

SEOYURI | 2021, (70) | pp.73~88 | number of Cited : 0

This study analyzed the fluency of Korean office workers in the JFL environment through monologue-type tasks. It analyzed the speech data of Japanese learners in Japanese conversation class run by a non-native speaker Japanese teacher, and evaluated the current level of the students’ fluency, the outcome of which may be applied for a teaching method to improve communication skills. Beginner learners tended to lack fluency because fillers such as ‘Ah’, ‘Oh’, and ‘Hum’ were used frequently, and many non-fluency elements such as the use of English or Korean, short syllables, and repetition of words were found in addition to long pauses that seemed like silence. In the intermediate level learners, those whose proficiency is close to the beginners level tended to lack fluency due to the use of a lot of non-fluency elements including poses and fillers. However, their use of pauses and fillers slightly differed from the case of beginners in that they used richer types of fillers as a strategy to buy time for subsequent utterances. Finally, it was found that even advanced level leaners could show the non-fluency elements. Rather, if the use of fillers is significantly less during the conversation, there is a possibility that the listener may not be considered considerate. In addition, there was a possibility that the occurrence of pauses was suppressed through the use of au utterance that has filler-like functions, such as "I don't know" or "I haven't thought about it much." From these results, in real class, we grouped up with learners and proposed an evaluation table as a workspace that can evaluate each other's fluency by listening to each speech directly. In particular, it is expected that it will be possible to take advantage of the fact that opinions can be easily expressed through PC or mobile comment functions in the environment of online classes.

Kanji-kana mixed notation of kokiroku-materials in Heian period

Yanagihara Etsuko | 2021, (70) | pp.89~108 | number of Cited : 1

The process of the birth and development of Hiragaka, Katakana, and Manyogana (Magana, pseudonym) has never been fully clarified. For example, it is known that kunten-materials, senmyo, materials written in Japanese-Chinese mixed sentences, and kokirok were written in the mixed notation of hiragana, katakana and manyogana, rather than in a single notation of either katakana or hiragana. However, it has not yet been clarified why such a thing happened. It has been pointed out in previous study that there is a common background between the mixed use of hiragana, katakana, and manyogana in kokiroku-materials and the mixing of hiragana in the katakana notation in kunten-materials of Chinesebooks in the Heian period. However, the inclusion of kana in the kokiroku-materials has various origins such as following the missionary writings, accurate recording of waka poems and conversational sentences, and the use of kana in places where kanji cannot be written. In this regard, the situation of the kokiroku-materials differs from that of kunten-materials of Chinesebooks. Nevertheless, both are common in that they were read and written in the case that had a strong affinity with the Japanese context, such as colloquialism, waka poems, political rituals and daily life. It is thus natural to assume that hiragana was used for both. Looking at "Midokanpakuki", "Suisaki", "Gonijyo-moromichiki" and "Gumaiki", the kokiroku-materials of the Heian period, of which the autographs remain for today, the difference in the use of kana that reflects the above origins is found at an early stage. However, the differences in origin were mixed, and at the same time, the notation mixed with kana was used in descriptive parts. Then, kokiroku-materials written exclusively in katakana such as "Suisaki" was created, and at the same time, the mixture of hiragana, katakakan and manyogana remained even after the Middle Ages in the kokiroku-materials and materials written in Japanese-Chinese mixed sentences.

A comparative study of Japanese and Korean onomatopoeia for the sense of pain

EUNSOOHEE | 2021, (70) | pp.109~126 | number of Cited : 1

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This study defines Japanese and Korean onomatopoeia representing pain as "Nociception Onomatopoeia", and examines linguistic expressions used for the onomatopoeia in both languages. Furthermore, it elucidates the meaning extension of “Nociception Onomatopoeia”. For this, first, "Nociception Onomatopoeia" were extracted from prior research, onomatopoeia and mimetic word dictionaries, and pain-related data, and then classified into “body parts” and “types of pain”. The “body parts” were divided into <head>, <shoulders>, <eyes>, <ears>, <nose>, <face>, <teeth>, <tongue>, <neck>, <chest>, <abdomen>, <arms/legs>, <skin> and <whole body> and “types of pain” were divided into <sore/stiffness>, <itch>, <dry>, <dizziness>, <convulsions> and <fever/chilling>. The study did not stop at the semantic usage of the dictionary, but found actual usage examples through corpus and newspaper materials of both countries and revealed the expression patterns, and further examined the aspect of expanding to other meanings other than nociception in the aspect of “equivocality” of the vocabulary. "Nociception Onomatopoeia" tend to expand into negative emotions, but in some cases, they expand to positive meanings. Further, it is an interesting result from the point of view of a comparative study that the onomatopoeia of Japanese and Korean, which are used similarly in the meaning of pain, appear differently in terms of meaning expansion. Onomatopoeia has a strong correlation between sound and meaning in nature, but this nature is blurred as the concrete meaning of “Nociception” associated to body parts is expanded to the onomatopoeia representing a person's emotion or personality. Communication using concise onomatopoeia is very important in urgent medical settings. In considering actual medical situations, nociception-related expressions can be further distinguished into the intensity, scope, and persistence of nociception. We plan to continue our research on these respects in the future.

Short thoughts about Culture Mining: Toward an interdisciplinary research based on Japanese linguistics

LEE JUNSEO | 2021, (70) | pp.127~143 | number of Cited : 2

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The change of Alveolar plosive initials and Alveolar sibilant affricate & fricative initials from Old Chinese to Middle Chinese

CHEN YUXIN , Lee, Kyong Chul | 2021, (70) | pp.145~165 | number of Cited : 6

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In this study I explored the change of the Alveolar plosive initials and Alveolar sibilant affricate & fricative initials form Old Chinese to Middle Chinese. Findings can be summarized in the following five points. 1. There were two language groups in Old Chinese. The first group distinguished aspirated and tenuis initials. We call it Language “A”. The second group distinguished voiced and voiceless sounds, We call it Language “B”. It is thought that in Old Chinese, Language “A” was more influential than “B”. “A” was distributed widely in the north whereas “B” was in the south. Middle Chinese distinguished not only aspirated and tenuis sounds but also voiced and voiceless sounds, which was produced after the language contact between “A” and “B”. 2. Alveolar plosive initials and Alveolar sibilant affricate & fricative initials existed separately in Old Chinese. Postalveolar plosive initials and Alveolo-palatal affricate & fricative initials in Middle Chinese were derived from Alveolar plosive initials in Old Chinese and Postalveolar affricate & fricative initials in Middle Chinese were derived from Alveolar sibilant affricate & fricative initials in Old Chinese. The Cr-type consonant cluster was basically possible in Old Chinese. Alveolo-palatal affricate & fricative initials in Middle Chinese had two different sources form Old Chinese. One was form Tri-type, which we call Group “α” and the other one was from Ti-type, which we call Group “β”. After the disappearance of [r] of Group “α”, Group “α” and Group “β” underwent the palatalization during Northern and Southern Dynasties, and merged to Alveolo-palatal affricate & fricative initials. 3. The separation of Postalveolar plosive initials from Alveolar plosive initials happened in some areas of the Western Jin Dynasty. However, the separation had not occurred in some areas in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. 4. In Old Chinese, people who used Language “B” did not distinguish between Alveolar fricative and Sibilant affricate consonants. 5. Tongue-up sounds and Tooth-up sounds were Postalveolar initials in the Qie-yun system.

A comparison between Japan and Korea of legitimation strategies concerning the issue of military sexual slavery by the Japanese military: Using YouTube comments

MOEKA HASHITANI | 2021, (70) | pp.167~192 | number of Cited : 2

This article explores gender perceptions in Japan and Korea by revealing how gender ideologies are justified in YouTube comments concerning the issue of ‘military sexual slavery’ (or ‘comfort women’). A framework of five legitimation strategies, moralization, standardization, rationalization, authorization and terminologization, is established and used for analysis with reference to previous studies. As a result, moralization strategies are used more frequently in Korea than in Japan. Regarding standardization strategies, Japan tends to justify ideologies by quoting past testimonies/papers or questioning the military sexual slavery issue itself, and to deny the seriousness of the military sexual slavery issue in Japanese military by comparing it with the case of Raittaihan.. In contrast, Korea tends to compare researches between Japan and Korea and deny Raittaihan. In terms of the rationalization strategy, many Japanese comments note on negative effects that Korea may encounter in the future on the issue of Japanese military sexual slavery. Furthermore, Japan shows tendencies of authorizing gender ideologies by using the international authorities and laws. Finally, in the current study, terminology strategies are not used in the gender ideologies in either Japan or Korea. Through comparing and examining Japanese and Korean premises about gender, it reveals that the commonality between Japan and Korea is not found, but the different characteristics are clarified. In addition, considering the effect of nationalism on gender perception, the current study differentiated two types of comments, one with racism and the other without it, in analyzing the data. However, similarities are found in the use of legitimation strategies between these two, which suggests that it is necessary to investigate a wider range of materials

An contrastive study on context dependence in communication: Focusing on university students in Korea, China, Japan and Australia

Hong, Min-Pyo | 2021, (70) | pp.193~209 | number of Cited : 0

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KJCKorea
Journal Central

The Japanese Language Association of Korea 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.0

2021, Vol., No.70