2005, Vol.5, No.

Chemyun Culture and Christian Counseling

Kyu Myeong Whang | 2005, 5 | pp.7~30 | number of Cited : 1

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Culture is “man-made part of the environment”and is like the air we breathe. Thus, in counseling, we can not ignore the culture by which counselee or counselor is influenced. One of the Korean culture we should be aware is the ‘chemyun’culture. ‘Chemyun’means honor, dignity or reputation. If you lose face, you can say you have lost your chemyun .In Korean culture, you must have and show dignity because no one wants to lose face or be ashamed, and everyone desires self-respect. The emphasis is more on other people's opinion about you rather than virtue or value in yourself. Because of chemyun, sometimes you have to refrain from eating when you are starving, and you have to eat even when your stomach is full. Sometimes, you cannot put on more clothes even when you are freezing, and you cannot take off your clothes when you are sweating. Besides, you cannot cry or laugh in response to those things happening. In chemyun culture, it is a virtue to refrain from boasting about oneself, but people, deep inside, want to be admired and envied. So, they try to have what others recognize and to do what others approve. Such behaviors reflect their subconscious or even conscious desire to be recognized as superior by others. For example, some people spend so much money that they get into financial difficulties because they are caught up in what others might think of them. That is the fear of man. Fear of man is inversely related to the fear of God. As the fear of God is eroded, the fear of man is intensified in the heart of the human being. A question must be raised, “What is your biggest concern, what people think about you, or what God thinks about you?”If you are pursuing chemyun more than just trying to be courteous, you probably are seeking approval of man and your own glory. Behind the chemyun culture, there can be a self-worship.

Client’s Language Analysis in Christian Counseling of Korean Cultural Situation

JOSEPH JEON | 2005, 5 | pp.33~60 | number of Cited : 1

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Elderly Counseling as a Older adult services

Choi Kwanghyun | 2005, 5 | pp.61~84 | number of Cited : 1

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Korean Culture and Marital Conflict

Kim, Jun Soo | 2005, 5 | pp.87~107 | number of Cited : 5

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A Study on the Counseling and psychological Adaptation For the Internet Addiction of Adolescents - focusing on Christian Adolescents of America-Korean and Korean -

Oh, Yoon Sun | 2005, 5 | pp.108~136 | number of Cited : 1

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The purpose for this study was to determine A scheme on the for counselling and the influences on the psychological Adaptation of Adolescents to Internet Addiction. The specific objectives of this study were 1) to analyze the difference between psychological Adaptation of the Christian Adolescents according to the levels of Internet Addiction and 2) to analyze the influence on the psychological Adaptation of the Christian Adolescence according to the levels of Internet Addiction. 3) A Study on the for counselling in Christian Adolescents of Internet Addiction. Date were collected from 890 randomly sampled Christian Adolescence in selected both Korean-American and Korean in 4 from Seoul and Kyung-gi area, 6 from Virginia State and other State. after date cleaning, 883 questionnaires were used for data analysis. The SPSSWIN 13.0 program was used in analyzing the data, and a series of statistical tests were conducted including frequency, percentile, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression, and optimal scaling regression. The statistical significance level was .05. The result certified through this study is as following. 1) The Internet Addiction type by the respondents was classified into that 4.41(Korean-American) and 6.48(Korean) in Internet Addiction group, 14.13 (Korean-American) and 19.77(Korean)in Internet suspicion Addiction group, 81.46 (Korean-American) and 73.72 (Korean)in Normalcy group. 2) In the relation to the psychological Adaptation of Christian Adolescents in according with Internet Addiction, the level of respondents identifified with the category where offensiveness was as ‘Internet Addiction group’, melancholy as ‘’Internet Addiction group, displayed relatively the higher point. 3) The influence of Internet Addiction on the psychological Adaptation of Christian Adolescents offensiveness influenced 15% (Korean-American)and 11%(Korean) melancholy 13% (Korean-American) and 16%(Korean) influenced of the total variation.

Christian Counseling in the Cross-Cultural Mission Field

Ahn, Kyung Seung | 2005, 5 | pp.137~160 | number of Cited : 3

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Korea’s Family Culture: Domestic Violence in the Structure of Patriarch and Pastoral Counseling Role

Kim, Tae-Soo | 2005, 5 | pp.161~178 | number of Cited : 3

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Christian Counselling and Human Relationships in Korean Culture

Kang, Kyung Mi | 2005, 5 | pp.179~205 | number of Cited : 8

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Human beings are referred to as social animals that pursue their maturity and happiness through countless encounters with other people. The meaningfulness of men’s lives is connected to relationships with others. Men have to keep appropriate relationships with others, nature, and God. Modern culture has, however, deteriorated into extreme egoism and materialism. Immorality and selfishness prevail. The relationships with families, colleagues, and friends are controlled by a profit-and-loss calculation. Korean contemporary culture has shown the same trait. Especially, Korean culture emphasizes collectiveness. An individual always identifies himself or herself as a member of “we.”Family, educational, regional ties require unconditional trust among members. These ties have caused social problems, such as social irrationality and pretension, and unjustice (bribery). What is worse, when Korean honor and shame system has lost its functions, it has compelled Korean people to concern what others think about them, by ignoring what they are. As a result, people get accustomed to hypocrisy, ostentation, and pretentiousness. Basic human relationships become distorted. Modern scholars have employed pscyo-social methodologies to restore deviant relationships. Of various relationships, the relationship with God is essential in that it transcends the limitation of time and space and continues until we enter the Kingdom of God. Therefore, the relationship with God is prior to that with people. The Bible offers principles to treat others: A trustworthy man keeps a secret (Proverbs 11:13); Do not slander one another (James 4;11); Bear with each other and forgive whatever grievance you may have against one another (Colossians 3;13); Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit, but in humility consider others better than yourselves (Phil 2:3); Live in harmony with one another (Romans 12:16). These verses serve as perfect instructions that have to be applied to Korean contemporary culture to enhance human relationships.

Korean Confucianism and Cultural Approach of Christian Counseling

Jae Hee Han | 2005, 5 | pp.206~232 | number of Cited : 5

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A Study on Nurturing(Counselling) Youths in Korean Culture

Eun-kyoo Lee | 2005, 5 | pp.233~253 | number of Cited : 0

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Women’s Place in Relation-Cultural Context - Pastoral Counseling for Married Women (Ajumma) from a Multicultural Point of View -

Kim Mi Kyung | 2005, 5 | pp.254~284 | number of Cited : 1

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As modern society fractionalizes, the culture too diversifies. Traditional Korean culture contained a strong community component based on farm life, but today there isn’t any single integrating culture. For many, it is a positive unfolding now that each generation, class and area have their own voice compared to the preceding culture led by the older generation, the higher classes and from the center. However, for others this diversification is considered a serious problem. With so many different cultures among each generation, class and area, there isn’t any universal culture nor any accepted communication between the different cultures. So far, America has developed and practiced most of the various counseling approaches used today. These counseling approaches represented mostly white middle class values; promoting individualism, emphasizing independent problem solving and taking responsibility for their freedom. When people began to criticize that this white class oriented counseling approach could be applied to other nationalities, cross-cultural counseling was developed. This resulted in multicultural counseling taking into consideration different cultures. Though Korea is a small land and does not consist of different races like the United States, it has a strong provincial character and each province tries hard to differentiate itself. Each province has a unique way of thinking and an individual personality. Even within Seoul, the inhabitants differentiate people who live south of the Han river from those living north of it. Since Koreans tend to differentiate themselves and because we lack any accepted communication between cultures, I believe the most victimized group is the so-called the third gender, the Ajummas (literally married women). With their marriage, these women were drowned in this collective culture. Society further denied these women’s self identity by promoting sacrifice and services. As mentioned above, the cultural tendency of a nation has a strong impact on each member of the nation. That’s because to whatever culture the individual belongs influences the diversity of his thoughts and actions. Therefore, in order to help these women, a pastoral counselor has to be aware of which value he has and which role he is playing. At the same time he should explore what kind of influence he is making on the client. Jesus is a good example of pastoral counselor. He himself was aware of the diverse culture in which he lived and he healed and counseled people regardless of their class and provincial affiliation.

The Study of a Group Art Therapy Program and its Effectiveness to Decrease the Maladaptive Perfectionism of Adolescents

SooMyungShim | 2005, 5 | pp.285~320 | number of Cited : 0

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Adolescents with high perfectionism tend to feel guilty and humble themselves too much because they are obsessed by the feeling that they cannot reach the goal set by themselves and are unable to satisfy anyone with their behaviors. Also, they consider God as the Being that can never be pleased by them, so the feelings of doubts, disobedience and even hostility against God always overwhelm them, Therefore, in order for them to be recovered to the image of God as originally created, they should receive God’s grace given to them in Jesus Christ. To satisfy these needs, this study was researched to develop a group art therapy program to decrease the perfectionism of adolescents and to test its effectiveness. Also this study was intended to examine whether the developed program can be applied at churches and schools. The targets of the main research were the 40 second-grade middle-school students who were willing to participate in this test. They were selected from the high 30 percentile of perfectionism among the second-graders. The 40 students were divided into two groups, 20 students each. The 20 student group was divided again into two groups, the test group and the control group, 10 students a group. The group art therapy program was carried out after school for 7 months 2 to 3 times per week over 20 sessions, each session lasting 90 to 120 minutes. In order to verify the effectiveness of the program, MPS(Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale), was chosen as a quantitative analytical tool and a pre-post repeated dispersion measure was made to compare the average differences of each group. For qualitative analysis, the observation of behavioral and emotional change of the participants and the group process evaluation were carried out each session. The study result could be summarized as below. First, the group art therapy program was effective in decreasing the perfectionism of the adolescents with high perfectionism. Second, the adolescents with high perfectionism showed a positive change in their emotion and behavior during each session. Third, the evaluation and the response of the adolescents with high perfectionism to the group art therapy was very positive. Therefore, this program which was developed as an alternative to lower the perfectionism of the adolescents is expected to be effectively applied at churches and schools.

Relationship between Adolescence’s Parents Attitude and God Image - in focus of the Christian Adolescence -

JOSEPH JEON , Bae Eun Joo | 2005, 5 | pp.321~346 | number of Cited : 8

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Journal of Counseling and Gospel 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.55

2005, Vol.5, No.