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@article{ART001776747},
author={Kyu Sung Hwang},
title={The politics of shadow education market expansion in Korea: Focused on mobilization capabilities and strategies of suppliers},
journal={Korea Social Policy Review},
issn={1226-0525},
year={2013},
volume={20},
number={2},
pages={233-260},
doi={10.17000/kspr.20.2.201306.233}

TY - JOUR
AU - Kyu Sung Hwang
TI - The politics of shadow education market expansion in Korea: Focused on mobilization capabilities and strategies of suppliers
JO - Korea Social Policy Review
PY - 2013
VL - 20
IS - 2
PB - Korean Association of Social Policy
SP - 233
EP - 260
SN - 1226-0525
AB - Despite various policies have been implemented to curb shadow education in Korea, it has continued to grow in recent two decades. This study investigates the expansion mechanism of shadow education focused on mobilization capabilities and market strategies of the suppliers. The success and failure of policy toward shadow education depends on how effectively it could block off the way by which the suppliers as the most important actors in politics of shadow education market mobilize consumers' anxieties. But shadow education policies have failed in two points. First, they have lacked honest intention to stop its proliferation. The Constitutional Court Decision Against Anti-Out-Of-School Classes Legislation of 2000 widened the windows of opportunity for the suppliers, and 5.31 educational reform of 1995 was neutral to their mobilization capabilities, though seemingly designed to control shadow education. This policy orientation, which reflected neoliberal Gesinnungsethik defective of Verantwortungsethik, stimulated shadow education to expand in that suppliers' mobilization capabilities were reinforced or remained intact. Second, shadow education suppliers have succeeded in mobilizing the desire and anxiety of potential consumers. To cope with government's policy including improving the qualities of public education, realignment of college entrance systems, and meeting the shadow education needs, they have developed various market strategies such as management of existing demands, creation of responsive demands, and squeezing out new demands. They have succeeded in nullifying policies by employing or mixing strategies with effect. Policy decisions in the future need to be made with reference to Verantwortungsethik, and be more cautious to socio-political contexts of Korea, to mobilization capabilities and market strategies of the suppliers in particular.
KW - shadow education;shadow education policy;shadow education market;politics of education;inequality
DO - 10.17000/kspr.20.2.201306.233
ER -

Kyu Sung Hwang. (2013). The politics of shadow education market expansion in Korea: Focused on mobilization capabilities and strategies of suppliers. Korea Social Policy Review, 20(2), 233-260.

Kyu Sung Hwang. 2013, "The politics of shadow education market expansion in Korea: Focused on mobilization capabilities and strategies of suppliers", Korea Social Policy Review, vol.20, no.2 pp.233-260. Available from: doi:10.17000/kspr.20.2.201306.233

Kyu Sung Hwang "The politics of shadow education market expansion in Korea: Focused on mobilization capabilities and strategies of suppliers" Korea Social Policy Review 20.2 pp.233-260 (2013) : 233.

Kyu Sung Hwang. The politics of shadow education market expansion in Korea: Focused on mobilization capabilities and strategies of suppliers. 2013; 20(2), 233-260. Available from: doi:10.17000/kspr.20.2.201306.233

Kyu Sung Hwang. "The politics of shadow education market expansion in Korea: Focused on mobilization capabilities and strategies of suppliers" Korea Social Policy Review 20, no.2 (2013) : 233-260.doi: 10.17000/kspr.20.2.201306.233

Kyu Sung Hwang. The politics of shadow education market expansion in Korea: Focused on mobilization capabilities and strategies of suppliers. Korea Social Policy Review, 20(2), 233-260. doi: 10.17000/kspr.20.2.201306.233

Kyu Sung Hwang. The politics of shadow education market expansion in Korea: Focused on mobilization capabilities and strategies of suppliers. Korea Social Policy Review. 2013; 20(2) 233-260. doi: 10.17000/kspr.20.2.201306.233

Kyu Sung Hwang. The politics of shadow education market expansion in Korea: Focused on mobilization capabilities and strategies of suppliers. 2013; 20(2), 233-260. Available from: doi:10.17000/kspr.20.2.201306.233

Kyu Sung Hwang. "The politics of shadow education market expansion in Korea: Focused on mobilization capabilities and strategies of suppliers" Korea Social Policy Review 20, no.2 (2013) : 233-260.doi: 10.17000/kspr.20.2.201306.233