@article{ART003332390},
author={Seungwoo Lee},
title={Multi-Level Data Classification Based on Soft Trace-Driven Labeling for Write Amplification Optimization in SSDs},
journal={Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence},
issn={2466-0078},
year={2026},
volume={12},
number={2},
pages={87-94}
TY - JOUR
AU - Seungwoo Lee
TI - Multi-Level Data Classification Based on Soft Trace-Driven Labeling for Write Amplification Optimization in SSDs
JO - Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
PY - 2026
VL - 12
IS - 2
PB - The Korea Internet of Things Society
SP - 87
EP - 94
SN - 2466-0078
AB - This paper proposes a self-adaptive multi-level data classification scheme based on softmax regression to optimize the Write Amplification Factor (WAF) in NAND flash SSDs. Conventional binary classification methods fail to capture the temperature information of "warm" data situated between hot and cold boundaries, leading to block pollution and increased WAF. To address this, we design a mechanism that converts raw workload frequencies into continuous temperature scores using a sigmoid function, which are then expanded into 3D probability distributions termed "soft targets." The proposed model is trained by minimizing the cross-entropy loss between the predicted probability distribution and the soft target, enabling precise tracking of subtle data temperature transitions. Experimental results using MSR Cambridge Traces demonstrate an average of 16.5% additional WAF reduction compared to conventional binary classification. Furthermore, the scheme proves exceptional self-adaptability even under concept drift conditions. By implementing high-resolution intelligent data placement within limited hardware resources, this study presents a new paradigm for maximizing SSD lifespan and performance.
KW - NAND Flash Memory;FTL;Hot/Cold Data Classification;Softmax Regression
DO -
UR -
ER -
Seungwoo Lee. (2026). Multi-Level Data Classification Based on Soft Trace-Driven Labeling for Write Amplification Optimization in SSDs. Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence, 12(2), 87-94.
Seungwoo Lee. 2026, "Multi-Level Data Classification Based on Soft Trace-Driven Labeling for Write Amplification Optimization in SSDs", Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence, vol.12, no.2 pp.87-94.
Seungwoo Lee "Multi-Level Data Classification Based on Soft Trace-Driven Labeling for Write Amplification Optimization in SSDs" Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence 12.2 pp.87-94 (2026) : 87.
Seungwoo Lee. Multi-Level Data Classification Based on Soft Trace-Driven Labeling for Write Amplification Optimization in SSDs. 2026; 12(2), 87-94.
Seungwoo Lee. "Multi-Level Data Classification Based on Soft Trace-Driven Labeling for Write Amplification Optimization in SSDs" Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence 12, no.2 (2026) : 87-94.
Seungwoo Lee. Multi-Level Data Classification Based on Soft Trace-Driven Labeling for Write Amplification Optimization in SSDs. Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence, 12(2), 87-94.
Seungwoo Lee. Multi-Level Data Classification Based on Soft Trace-Driven Labeling for Write Amplification Optimization in SSDs. Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence. 2026; 12(2) 87-94.
Seungwoo Lee. Multi-Level Data Classification Based on Soft Trace-Driven Labeling for Write Amplification Optimization in SSDs. 2026; 12(2), 87-94.
Seungwoo Lee. "Multi-Level Data Classification Based on Soft Trace-Driven Labeling for Write Amplification Optimization in SSDs" Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence 12, no.2 (2026) : 87-94.
