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The System and Characteristics of the Census Act in the Imperial Japan’s Force Occupation Period

  • Legal Theory & Practice Review
  • Abbr : LTPR
  • 2023, 11(2), pp.115-144
  • Publisher : The Korea Society for Legal Theory and Practice Inc.
  • Research Area : Social Science > Law
  • Received : April 30, 2023
  • Accepted : May 29, 2023
  • Published : May 31, 2023

Yang Jinah 1

1국민대학교 정보와법연구소

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Census (國勢調査) is a term that was used in the meaning of a national census in the Imperial Japan's force occupation period. This article reviewed the Census Law, which was the legal basis and starting point of Census in the Imperial Japan’s force occupation period. In the Imperial Japan’s force occupation period, the system of Census laws is based on the “act on a national census” enacted in 1902 as the basic law, and below that, the census enforcement decree as the edict, the census enforcement decree as the Joseon government‐general ordinance, and the census local affairs handling regulations and the census office regulations as the Joseon government‐general decree are located. The Census Law, which is the basic law of Census and the basis of the Census Law in the Imperial Japan’s force occupation period, stipulated the enforcement cycle of Census and the area of ​​enforcement, and among them, it is noteworthy that the implementation region was called “Empire (帝國) Pando (版圖)”. This is thought to be a phrase with the expansion of the colony in mind in the future. In the Imperial Japan's force occupation period, Census laws are characterized by period. Its characteristics are influenced by the character of Census, the cumulative experience of Census, and whether it is in peacetime or wartime. First, because Census was not conducted in the colony Joseon in 1920, regarding Census in 1920, a law abolishing the laws enacted for the implementation of Census was enacted, or a law regulating the non‐implementation of Census was enacted. In 1925, Census was the first Census in the colony Joseon, but since it was a simplified Census, the law itself was enacted in a small number, and the matters to be investigated in the law were also succinctly stipulated. In 1930, Census was influenced by the accumulated experience of implementing Census, and the system was more stable than the previous Census Law. So it later became the model for the Census Law. Although Census in 1935 was a simple Census, it was influenced by Census in 1930 just before that, and all necessary laws for Census were enacted faithfully. As Census in 1939 was a temporary Census implemented by the necessity of the wartime system, the decree itself was not more than the regular Census decree, and the law stipulated that investigations should be made on business entities, that is, businesses rather than population and housing matters. Census in 1940 was the last Census in the Imperial Japan’s force occupation period, and because it was a wartime period, fewer statutes were enacted than Census in peacetime, and the statute stipulated that the matters relating to military personnel be investigated.

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This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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