2009, Vol., No.70

A Historical Study on the Words of ‘Naemsae’

Lee Tae Yeong | 2009, (70) | pp.5~24 | number of Cited : 5

Diachronic Changes and Distribution Characteristics of paü(rock)

Kim Jeongtae | 2009, (70) | pp.25~48 | number of Cited : 9

This study is to examine the diachronic changes of paü(rock) and the distribution of paü's dialect forms. One of the internalized foci of this study is whether the results from the study on the changes and characteristics of a single word, paü can be generalized as a solid consequence. Therefore, to secure universality and generalization of the study, there should be common characteristics found in other words. However, archaic words were found in old books are very helpful to assume the origin of paü', and it can be clues to trace back the procedure of paü's diachronic changes. Since the completion of Hunminjeongeum(The Correct/Proper Sounds for the Instruction of the People), because paü appeared very frequently in Eonhae(諺解) literature, dialects, and geographical names, a glimpse and review on the diachronic changes and distribution characteristics of paü can be taken referring to those materials. In the old native folk song, Heonhwaga, ‘…岩乎’ was read as paho, and assuming the phonological history of /k/, the origin form of rock, pako and pakvy were reconstructed. The physiologically developed form, pakvy was found in the old geographical name' references like Samguksagijirigi. The pakvy meant a 'rock' or 'hill', so it is clear the word had been used as polysemy and homonymy. With the meaning differentiation, the meaning of hill, pakvy was developed as kokƐ(<kokay) and pakvy itself was used only to mean a 'rock'. This form was changed to pahoy in the period of the completion of Hunminjeongeum, and transformed again to pau in modern ages. The phonological phenomena such as /k/ weakening, deletion, and vowel raising were applied in the historical process. As the forms of pau's dialect, various forms such as paü, pauy, pagu, pau, pao, paŋgu, paŋu, phagu, phaŋgu, phaŋu, pai were realized. Each dialect form shows some kind of distribution characteristics with the monophthongization (the conversion of diphthongs to monophthongs), the first letter's aspiration, the addition of /ŋ/ sound and so on. For example, the monophthongization of uy>u was realized across the country except the dialect in the midland part, and the dialects with an archaic /k/ appeared in the southwestern, southeastern, and northeastern dialects. Furthermore, the southeastern and northeastern dialects wer characterized with the /ŋ/ sound addition. Through a series of the phonological phenomena such as vowel raising, the monophthongization, /k/ sound weakening and deletion, the comparative study between midland dialects and non-midland dialects can be performed and generalized consequence will be drawn. In conclusion, the diachronic changes of paü(rock) and the distribution characteristics of paü's dialects were involved with Korean phoneme history and phonological phenomena like the /k/ weakening and deletion, the o>u vowel raising, the monophthongization, the aspiration, /ŋ/ sound addition and so on. This study proved characteristic dialect distribution and its results will be applied to classify the existing dialect areas as well.

Feature-based Approach to splited VP Structure as “[[Y]NP[X]NP-[ha-]V]"

Kim, Kwanghee | 2009, (70) | pp.49~74 | number of Cited : 2

A diachrony of the copula inflectional forms '-ida(이다)' and 'ira(이라)'

정은균 | 2009, (70) | pp.75~101 | number of Cited : 0

The productivity of syntactic process and morphological process

Kim MinGook | 2009, (70) | pp.103~132 | number of Cited : 9

A Study on Dohakgasa Gwancheonga

전일환 | 2009, (70) | pp.133~151 | number of Cited : 2

Jowihan's thought about Traditional cultures

민영대 | 2009, (70) | pp.153~179 | number of Cited : 4

We see that traditional cultures has been handed down to us from the ancient times. It is natural that we can see diverse elements of traditional cultures reflected in classical works. In Jowihan's Choiceokjeon we can find several aspects of traditional culture scattered in the whole story. Choiceokjeon was written by Jowihan in 1621. Choiceok, the main character of the story, are forced to face a tragic fate when his wife was taken to Japan in the turmoil of Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592. To get over the grief he goes to China after the war. However, he luckily meets his wife in China and comes back to Korea and lives happily ever after. Choiceok was later identified to be a real person who used to live in Namwon. Jowihan, the author of the story, was an confucian scholar living in the confucian society in th time of Joseon Kingdom. In his story, however, we can find not only confucian, but also diverse traditional ideas including buddist and taoist ideas. The story depicts Choiceok's life, his struggle to pass the state exam, his willingness to join the volunteer army during the war, the whole process of his marriage, the couple's visiting Manbok temple to wish for a baby boy, his wandering in China to forget the personal grief after losing his wife, his final visit to Cheongseong mountain, the cradle of Taoism, and so on. Besides, we can find diverse sayings and proverbs properly mixed in the story. We also see the whole process of how Hongdo is born and how he serves his parents, the whole process of funeral rites, fortune-telling, positive view on the monogamy system, and especially diverse traditional beliefs, such as confucian, taoist, and buddist ideas. The author scatters all these traditional features in the whole story and succeeds in depicting the society saturated with traditional motifs. Jowihan is a skillful writer who invites the readers to his well-built fictional world and let them to fully participate in his world of traditional cultures.

On the Characters of 'Sassi Namjeong-Gi' and Its Intention

ByungHeon Chung | 2009, (70) | pp.181~210 | number of Cited : 7

'Sassi Namjeong-Gi' is said to be a work suggesting the model of domestic novel. The reason why it may be a good example of a fiction concerning affairs of family members is the author shows not only his intention of writing the novel but also how to make readers to consider characters as real human beings to his followers. There are three major characters in this work; A lady from a noble family, called 'Jeongok Sa', the lawful wife of 'Yeonsoo Yoo', the only male character playing major role in this novel, unwilling to be take his responsibility of balancing between the first wife and his vicious concubine, named 'Chaeran Gyo', the third character of those three. Jeongok Sa, the virtuous woman as a wife of Yeonsoo Yoo, represents the ideal type of housewife in medieval society. She is well-educated enough to be ready for giving up everything she has for fulfilling her obligation as a noble woman in the most difficult situation she may meet. On ordinary occasion when that kind of situation hardly happens, pretending like her seems pretty easy to ordinary females and this seems one of author's intention to educate ladies in Yi dynasty. The vicious concubine, Chaeran Gyo, can be described as a materialist persuading wealth. Apparently, she looked more real human than Jeongok Sa to the ordinary readers lower than noble class in Yi dynasty. However, this is true that she is a woman forced to do like that way by the unseen force of social framework in that era. That is not a personal issue but a public issue. Despite of the fact that social system is to blame, the author tries to hide the real problem of that society by charging her, herself alone. She can be considered as a scapegoat. The head of Yoo's family, Yeonsoo Yoo, has a power over his family but he has no ability to mediate between his wife and concubine. He abandons his authority as a leader. He locates himself as an on-looker. We can discover the fact that whether a family's issue is revealed or not is not the matter of ability of the head of that family from his failure as a husband. He is a stereotyped husband which social framework of Yi dynasty makes. Through the creation of human style that a society demands, this novel not only suggests the goal of the society, but also it reveals problems of that society. The humble lives of concubines and cruel treats toward 'Seoeul' (children from concubines) are generally accepted in Yi dynasty. The characters in this novel may be created from author's purpose of keeping social status of upper-class by presenting the goal and idea of the society with intentional distortion of the reality. Meanwhile, we may find, from the novel, the intention of the author for his own protection against any possible accusation of his criticizing the problems of social systems by elite class which he belongs to in his society.

A Study on the Characteristic and Limitation of Ethics-narration in Jindaebangjeon

Kim Jin Young | 2009, (70) | pp.211~235 | number of Cited : 5

This thesis is studied about characteristic of ethics-narrative in Jindaebangjeon. First, it is considered its contents and structural examined structural contradiction and characteristic of ethics-narrative. With this basis, it is examined this work's characteristic of ethics-narrative and limit. It is summarized like this. First, the structure and development of Jindaebangjeon is a ethics text. This work is divided into introduction, development, and conclusion largely. It is managed in introduction immorality action, in development district governor's teaching, in conclusion ideal society that establish of ethics and law and order. Whit this three stages structure, the contents of development is recognized effectively. Therefore the whole structure of this work would be a ethics culture text. Second, Jindaebangjeon is missed ordinary narrative logic. Generally narrative literature would have a basis of logical sequence, is satisfied with reader's requirement. Especially a narrative for reading must have a logic, there is persuasion for readers. But the whole structure of this work is unnatural of connection of introduction, development, and conclusion. Besides character creation has no cause and effect. Third, Jindaebangjeon would be a strong ethic text. In contents it is applied an traditionally inherited authentic precedent, it must have characteristic of ethics text. And in structure, it has a characteristic of ethics text. This work is made of three stages structure, this structure is distinguished from that of ordinary novel. It is caused of aim at raising of ethics discipline. Fourth, Jindaebangjeon is a renovated ethics narrative, but it has a limit importantly. This work is told traditional ethics discipline by claiming narrative style. So this work is renovated to proper in the latter period of choseon. But the whole contents of this work is traditional. Namely, it is emphasized transcendent contents, it is far from the actual. Therefore, this work is aimed at new type ethics text, but it is not get out of traditional concept.

A Study on Expression types in Hyangga and Ways to Utilize these types in Education

Jintae Park , 박춘우 | 2009, (70) | pp.237~269 | number of Cited : 4

The tradition of a loyalist admire a sovereign(忠臣戀主之詞) and the new comprehension of Manbun-ga(萬憤歌)

Choi Hyun-Jai | 2009, (70) | pp.271~296 | number of Cited : 9

The Ecological Imagination of Korean Writer, Oh Yungsoo

Myung-jin Lim | 2009, (70) | pp.297~319 | number of Cited : 6

Diaspora and Identity in Korean-Canadian Essays

Song, Myunghee | 2009, (70) | pp.321~353 | number of Cited : 10

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This article examines the life of Korean immigrants by referring to "Korean Canadian Literature" published by the Korean-Canadian Writers' Association and the individual collections of essays written by first generation immigrants. Korean-Canadian Essays are more honest than any novel or poem. Since they keep a dual identity, Canadian and Korean, they cannot be grouped solely into one country. Therefore, they consider their literature to be 'immigrant literature'. They acknowledge that Canada is a multicultural society which has a wonderful medical welfare system and a social welfare system. Although they were not born in Canada, they accept Canada as their second native country. That is, it seems that they are satisfied with their immigration in general. However, some immigrants confess that behind the multiculturalism, there is some invisible superiority complex and discriminative treatment. Also, it seems that they feel uneasy about unfair and discriminative treatment their children maybe undergo in the society. Although they call themselves 'Korean-Canadian', many immigrants, especially the first generation reveal their emotional connectedness to their Korean origin. They feel uncomfortable about different complexion, language, custom and a way of thinking. On the other hand, they feel a sense of unity and emotional easiness about their mother country because of food, culture, ancestor and history. They occasionally request that their mother country take a more flexible attitude toward nationality problems and problems concerning Korean immigrants. Characteristics in their essays are as follows : First, their essays express calm matters about immigrant, for example, engaging in an independent enterprise or a service industry of sale nevertheless the higher education level, economical difficulty, and skepticism about immigration. Second, their essays show typical symptoms about cultural shock that appear by moving into a completely different cultural area. That is, a feeling of helplessness about themselves, loneliness, hatred toward white races, regret about immigration, difficulty of communication, a point of difference of thinking, confuse of values, a sense of humiliation about realistic, frustration, etc. are well expressed in them. They frequently describe about homesickness in their essays, it is associated with protecting themselves from cultural shock. On the other hand, their essays sometimes reflect their urge to adapt to the Canadian culture by fusing the cultures of the East and the West. Writing Korean of Korean-Canadian is very significant because it awakens the Korean identity inside the Korean and consciousness of the Korean race. Besides, Korean-Canadian literature itself is readily a respectable spiritual property of Korean-Canadian. Therefore, Korean-Canadian writers need to write with a sense of duty to inherit the Korean heritage and preserve their Korean identity.

A Study on Hwang-seokyeong's Novel Written in Adolescence-Focusing on the 「Paljaryeong」

Im Gihyeon | 2009, (70) | pp.355~377 | number of Cited : 0

A study on the politic-nature of literature - <The may poetry> Group to centered

전동진 | 2009, (70) | pp.379~401 | number of Cited : 3

I tried to investigation of the politic of literature that is first aim in this study. The politic was discriminated between actuality and literature. Both the all take cheating to essential property. But the former is to cheat others, the latter is to cheat self. That is to say, the actuality-politic is a 'politic of others', the literature-politic is a 'politic of self'. In this study, I made <The may poetry> group and their works the subject of my study that has been valued through the view point of 'actuality-politic'. I, by the way, investigated their poems with the view point of 'literature-politic'. In the end, I wanted to examine the literature-politic by means of this study. The actuality-politic made harmony between the individualization and the totality to presupposition, the other side, the literature-politic made inharmony between the individualization and the totality to presupposition. I tried to get over a established position that has emphasized one of the both because of the literature-politic was obtained in mutual-subjectivity. I analyzed poems with to get the subject, ‘Hub' among <The may poetry> group's works and indicated a direction of formation of politic. individual The actor that makes meaning in 'the politic-nature' as the passageway between literature and politic is 'poetic-I'. Poetic-I was showed two aspect. One was formed to get autonomy. Such a autonomic subject was based the other-nature on formation. I observed poems to reveal 'other's face to centered. In oder to get over one of this study's goals that gets over an autonomic subject, I expanded discussion to 'self-politic'. Through analyzing poems to subjected 'poem', I observed the self-politic that was formed with being piled one on another. Lastly, I discussed about community or society subject to be formed self- expansion. In poems of <The may poetry> group, community subject was formed through to call 'the memory of the past', 'the memory of family-community', 'the memory of history'. The memory about 'the may community' in 1980 cloud not write to language with ease, so we cannot help mobilizing such diverse circuitous methods.

The Tragic of Variations on Chu-young and Agi-Jangsu tale on Modernist works in 1960s and after

Han Soon Mi | 2009, (70) | pp.403~423 | number of Cited : 11

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This study addresses the phase of variations according to the writers' sensitivities, and periodic meaning of the tragic through examinations of modernist variations on Chu-young and Agi-jangsu tale written in 1960s and after. Chu-young poems of Kim Choon-su reflect the feeling of loss which is triggered by juvenile trauma and violent ideology with various viewpoints. For Kim, the possibility of healing and reconciliation remains far off because the theme constantly arouses the tragic pain. Therefore, Chu-young theme of Kim is periodic indication which reveals crisis on human existence and feeling of loss and nihility. And The Lost Song of Chu-young, the trial work of Kim Hyun also has same context. This study also considers Youk-sa by Kim Seung-ok, Long Time Ago Whu-a Whu-i by Choi In-hoon, and An Island That Swallowed a Myth as variations of Agi-jangsu tale and focuses on their sharing the tragic theme. For the first, in Youk-sa, the main character Seo shows the reality that needs and accepts no warrior. The endeavor Seo makes to maintain and keep his power looks eccentric and by presenting isolation of individual, it criticizes the reality based on capitalism. Secondly, Long Time Ago Whu-a Whu-i displays tragic condition and barren reality of here and now. So as to say, the reality is not able to accept a hero like Agi-jangsu and led to disillusion that the possibility he can save society is slim. For the last, An Island That Swallowed a Myth presents pursuit of critical history-cognition and realms of possibility. Agi-jangsu in Lee's work heads to no salvation that is solely done by savior, but to open space of possibilities that exist in the people's lives and destinations they take. As mentioned above, these writers vary the traditional theme and common periodic experiences, such as April 19 Revolution, into multiple context. They don't take the tradition as definite one but as basis of aesthetic imagination within the sensitivity of the time. For further study, it would be possible to sort the phases of variation by thorough consideration on each writer's sensitivity and imagination, and then to place it under the context of the time.

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Korean Language & Literature 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.63

2009, Vol., No.70