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Differences in the Realization of ‘ㅔ→ㅣ High-Vowelization’ in Boeun and Dangjin from the Late 19th Century to the Early 20th Century and the Mid-to-Late 20th Century

Yu so-yeon | 2025, (130) | pp.5~28 | number of Cited : 0

This study analyzed Yeosohak, Monghakicheonja, and Dialect Sourcebook Publication in Korea to understand the realization of ‘ㅔ→ㅣ’ high-vowelization in the Boeun and Dangjin regions from the late 19th century to the early 20th century and the mid-to-late 20th century. In Yeosohak, ‘ㅔ→ㅣ’ high-vowelization is realized regardless of the presence or absence of a trigger in the word-initial position and word-internal position of the lexical morpheme, whereas in Monghak icheonja, ‘ㅔ→ㅣ’ high-vowelization is realized only in the environment where the word-initial position of the lexical morpheme and a trigger factor are present. In addition, in the Boeun region data of Dialect Sourcebook Publication in Korea, ‘ㅔ→ㅣ’ high-vowelization is realized regardless of the presence or absence of a trigger factor in the word-initial position and word－internal position of the lexical morpheme, but in the Dangjin region data of Dialect Sourcebook Publication in Korea, ‘ㅔ→ㅣ’ high-vowelization is realized only in an environment where a trigger factor exists in the word-initial position and word－internal position of the lexical morpheme. Therefore, ‘ㅔ→ㅣ’ high-vowelization is realized differently in the Boeun region and the Dangjin region even within the Chungcheong region. In addition, in Yeosohak, ‘ㅔ→ㅣ’ high-vowelization is realized only in an environment where the triggering factor of ‘ㅔ→ㅣ’ high-vowelization is confirmed, but in Dialect Sourcebook Publication in Korea, ‘ㅔ→ㅣ’ high-vowelization is realized even in an environment where the triggering factor is not confirmed. And in the case of Monghakicheonja, ‘ㅔ→ㅣ’ high-vowelization is realized only in the word-initial position of the lexical morpheme, but in Dialect Sourcebook Publication in Korea, it is realized in both the word-initial position and the word－internal position of the lexical morpheme. In other words, we can see that ‘ㅔ→ㅣ’ high-vowelization was more productive in the mid to late 20th century than in the late 19th century to early 20th century. This is related to the change in the sound value of ‘ㅔ’, which is related to the trend of realizing ‘ㅕ>ㅔ’ monophthongization.

Differences between Direct and Indirect Quotes─ As a Syntactical Category Called Embedded Sentences ─

Yi Jinbyeong | 2025, (130) | pp.29~58 | number of Cited : 0

A Linguistic Approach to Refining Legal Sentences for Plain Language

Lee, Hyun Hee | 2025, (130) | pp.59~99 | number of Cited : 0

This study aims to identify and analyze problematic legal provisions from a linguistic perspective, drawing on recent legislative language reform initiatives undertaken in Korea. It provides linguistic rationales for revision and proposes concrete strategies to improve the structure and clarity of legal sentences. Legal texts function as the minimal shared standards that underpin social order, and from the standpoint of public language, they should be written in linguistically accurate and contextually appropriate Korean. To address this issue, the study classifies problematic legal provisions into four categories: grammaticality, conciseness, logicality, and everydayness. Based on this framework, the paper proposes targeted revision strategies, including correcting syntactic structures, adjusting grammatical particles to clarify argument-predicate relationships, and eliminating redundant or ambiguous expressions to improve readability. It also highlights the importance of restructuring sentence components to enhance logical flow and replacing overly formal or technical language with expressions more familiar to everyday Korean speakers. Notably, a single legal provision may exhibit multiple types of problems, thereby requiring multi-dimensional revisions. Although the practical impact of linguistic revisions may appear limited relative to the effort involved—and may not always align neatly with legal considerations—this study underscores the essential role of linguistic clarity in promoting legal transparency and inclusiveness. Despite the challenges of integrating such revisions into the formal legislative process, legal texts, as prototypical examples of public and formal written language, offer significant value as research material in linguistic inquiry. This study ultimately highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches that bridge linguistics and law to enhance the accessibility and functionality of legal language.

Seopo Kim Man-jung’s Sense of Coexistence about Literature and Its Expression in Guunmong

Kim Jin Young | 2025, (130) | pp.101~125 | number of Cited : 0

This paper aims to examine how Seopo Kim Man-jung’s consciousness of coexistence with literature is expressed in his novels and to reveal its value. To this end, Seopo’s consciousness of coexistence with literature is examined, how it is expressed in Seopo’s novels, and the value of Guunmong through the consciousness of coexistence are examined. The above discussion can be summarized as follows. First, we examined Seopo’s sense of coexistence with literature. Seopo had an open and flexible view of literature. In his enjoyment of literature, he did not discriminate between the upper and lower classes or the noble and the humble, and he valued not only the right path of classics and history but also the utility of the right path based on the emotion of literature. Finally, with his sense of coexistence with the Chinese and the barbarians, he broke away from the idea that only Chinese literature and Confucianism were right, and evaluated the literature and thought of other ethnicities as valuable. Second, we examine the novelistic expression of the coexistence consciousness that Seopo maintained. Based on the coexistence consciousness that he maintained, Seopo emphasized the harmony of social status, the fusion of thoughts, and the harmony of harmony in Guunmong. In Guunmong, a Confucian-educated character practices the utmost goodness and creates a harmonious world. Third, we examined the value of the novel based on the consciousness of coexistence. By emphasizing the harmony of the community according to the consciousness of coexistence, the volume of the narrative of the novel could increase, and in the process, the types of the novel could become more diverse. In addition, by defining sacrificing for the community as good and violating it as evil, we established the Confucian view of good and evil. Finally, by shaping the ideal world according to the Confucian system and ideology, we were able to greatly expand the audience for the novel.

The Two Branches of ‘Jang-saeng Narrative’: The Jang-saeng Series and the Jang-doryung Series

BAE A YOUNG | 2025, (130) | pp.127~148 | number of Cited : 0

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This article divides the works of “Jangsaeng narrative” into the Jangsaeng series and the Jangdoryeong series according to the character’s name. It then analyzes the first works of each series: Heo Gyun’s (許筠, 1569-1618) “Jangsaengjeon (蔣生傳)” and Lim Bang’s (任埅, 1640-1724) “Jirisanromibongjin (智異山路迷逢眞)”. Through this study, it was confirmed that the names “Jangsaeng” or “Jangdoryeong” given to the characters in the initial works of each series encapsulate the thematic consciousness of their respective works and, furthermore, represent the narrative structure of each series. First, Heo Gyun’s naming of “Jangsaeng” expresses respect and reverence for a character’s inner qualities, rather than merely denoting their outward appearance or social status. In Lim Bang’s “Jirisanromibongjin,” the name “Jangdoryeong” carries various meanings: it is a general jest about the character’s appearance, an expression of reverence for Korea’s foremost hermit, a representation of uniqueness, the name of the most pitiful and miserable beggar, and also the name of a high official, a king, and a hermit. The diverse meanings embedded in the name “Jangdoryeong” contain a critical thematic consciousness about the inability to discern inner reality due to a character’s outward appearance. While this article analyzed the Jangsaeng narrative by series, an approach from a diachronic perspective is also deemed necessary. The Jangsaeng narrative shows a progression from the Jangsaeng series to the Jangdoryeong series. This aligns with the process of “Jeon”(傳) style works being adopted into yadam(野談, informal historical anecdotes) in the late Joseon Dynasty. This direction is clearly revealed within each series and can also be confirmed through the semantic evolution of the names “Jangsaeng” or “Jangdoryeong.”

The Religious Life and Poetic Works of Yeongshindang(迎新堂) Kang Dae-seong(姜大成)

Seong-woon, Ha | 2025, (130) | pp.149~177 | number of Cited : 0

This paper examines the religious life and poetic works of Yeongshindang(迎新堂) Kang Dae-seong(姜大成, 1889-1954), the founder of the new Korean religion, Gangjeong-yudo(更正儒道). He was a religious leader born in the late Joseon Dynasty and lived through the Japanese colonial period and the division of North and South Korea. He was a religious leader who was born in the remote countryside of Ssangchi-myeon, Sunchang, where Hoemun Mountain(回文山) is located, and achieved great enlightenment through repeated training. It is believed that he was greatly influenced by the place where the eschatological Taoist ideology was prevalent around Hoemun Mountain since the late Joseon Dynasty. He showed the characteristic of utilizing the poetic form while clarifying the principles of nature and teaching sentient beings. Looking at his religious ideology and doctrines contained in 󰡔Bu-eung-gyeong(符應經)󰡕, most of his works were lyric, sijo, and miscellaneous songs, rather than prose. It contained approximately 150 lyrics, 24 sijos, and 4 miscellaneous songs that were apparently written by Yeongshindang. The following literary characteristics were confirmed in these works written by him. First, he was implementing his religious ideology literarily, utilizing the poetry form. Although there were cases of utilizing lyrics in the past, there was no case of utilizing both sijo and miscellaneous songs like this. In addition, he did not use the lyrics, sijo, and miscellaneous songs equally, but utilized them differently according to the characteristics of each genre. The lyrics were a means of expressing religious doctrine, the sijos expressed his emotional inner world, and the miscellaneous songs were somewhere between the lyrics and sijos. These poetry works were from the modern period, but the lyrics were religious lyrics and the sijos were in the form of old sijos. In addition, the miscellaneous songs were probably the Taryeongjo miscellaneous songs that were popular during the Japanese colonial period since the 19th century. Second, he’s poetry works embodied the consciousness of the times along with religious ideology. This appeared differently depending on the period. During the Japanese colonial period, there were many works that offered spiritual comfort or hope to the people, rather than singing about the gloomy reality. On the other hand, songs that came out after liberation had the characteristic of dealing with real-world issues such as the conflict between the left and right or the division of the North and South, and promoting national unity and self-reliance.

A Comparative Study on the Authorized Editions of Yun Dong-ju’s Complete Works

KIM HYUNGTAE | 2025, (130) | pp.179~221 | number of Cited : 0

Representation of Women and the Role of Wives in Korean Local Magazines in the 1980s─ With a Focus on the ‘Yehyang’ ─

CHOI CHANG GEUN | 2025, (130) | pp.223~244 | number of Cited : 0

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An Analysis of the Similarity between Korean and Uzbek Monophthongs

Kim, EunKyung | 2025, (130) | pp.245~268 | number of Cited : 0

Bridging Cognitive Psychology and Korean Vocabulary Education: Exploring the Educational Applicability of Memory Encoding Theories

Jiyon Shim | 2025, (130) | pp.269~292 | number of Cited : 0

Analysis of Anxiety Levels and Anxiety Factors among Beginner-level Learners in Korean Language Classrooms

An, Sung-min | 2025, (130) | pp.293~316 | number of Cited : 0

This study investigates the classroom anxiety experienced by beginner-level learners of Korean. Specifically, it aims to identify the characteristics and underlying factors of anxiety and examine the relationships among these factors. The Korean version of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) was adapted for this study, and survey data were collected from 119 beginner-level learners of diverse nationalities. The results yielded the following findings. First, while the overall level of classroom anxiety was relatively low, certain situations provoked stronger emotional responses. Learners reported the highest anxiety when forgetting previously learned material due to nervousness, worrying about Korean language test results, or comparing their proficiency with that of peers. In contrast, they experienced relatively low anxiety in situations involving reluctance to participate, confusion during test preparation, and fear of instructor feedback, suggesting generally positive attitudes toward instruction and classroom activities. Second, exploratory factor analysis revealed five distinct dimensions of classroom anxiety: interaction anxiety, self-efficacy anxiety, social comparison anxiety, evaluation anxiety, and lack of learning immersion. Notably, learners reported heightened anxiety during interactions with instructors and classmates, along with a lack of confidence in their Korean language abilities and discomfort with evaluative situations. Third, correlation analyses demonstrated significant associations among the sub-factors. Social comparison anxiety and evaluation anxiety showed the strongest inter-factor correlation, indicating that these two domains play a central role in shaping overall classroom anxiety. Peer comparison and performance-related situations emerged as particularly influential in elevating anxiety levels. These findings highlight the multidimensional nature of classroom anxiety in beginner Korean learners and underscore the importance of developing instructional strategies that address learners’ emotional needs.

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Korean Language & Literature 2024 KCI Impact Factor : 0.49

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2025, Vol., No.130 All Issues