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Approaches for Korean Education Regarding ‘-에, -에서’ Seen through Korean Native Speakers’ Articulative Usage

eun jung park 1

1계명대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to present Korean native speakers’ usage of ‘-에’ and ‘-에서’ so that foreign learners can use '-에' and ‘-에서' more effectively. According to the results of examining how Korean native speakers use '-에' and '-에서' in spoken and written language, verbs combined with ‘-에’ in spoken and written language are found to be ‘가다, 오다, or 나오다’ requiring the point of arrival after the movement and also ‘두다, 들다, 나오다, 있다, or 뜨다’ needing the point of adhesion at a particular place or spot. On the contrary, as verbs combined with ‘-에서’, there are various kinds of transitive verbs. Considering ‘-에/에서’ combined with auxiliary predicates, it is natural that ‘-에’ is combined with ‘-아/어 있다’ meaning the continuance of a state. There are also rare cases of it combined with ‘-go itda’. In such cases, wearing verbs are combined with ‘-고 있다’, and regarding their semantic functions, they reveal the meaning of ‘a state’; therefore, the meaning is not ‘progression’ but ‘the continuance of a state’. In most cases, ‘-eseo’ is combined with ‘-고 있다 ’ and ‘-아/어 오다 아/어 가다’’ which imply progression. This is because ‘-eseo’ implying ‘있다’ represents activity within the area. Based on the fact that Kim Yeong-hui (1973) deems that the meaning of ‘-서’ is grounded on ‘있다 (이시다, 시다)’ historically, this author, too, sees that ‘-eseo’ is often combined with auxiliary predicates like ‘-고 있다’ or ‘-아/어 가다, oda’ implying ‘progression’ because of the semantic properties of ‘itda’ which ‘-seo’ implies. From the use of verbs like ‘살다, 머무르다, 체류하다, 묵다, 구하다’ which both ‘-에’ and ‘-에서’ can be applied to, we can see that ‘-e’ is used to stress the meaning of ‘the point of arrival or point of adhesion’ in terms of placeness while ‘-eseo’ stresses the meaning of ‘activity or movement’ wtihin that. It is needed not just to inform intermediate and advanced Korean learners of ‘place name+에+가다/오다/있다’ and ‘place name+에서+various verbs’ but to teach them about the forms of ‘-에+verb+아/어 있다’ and ‘-에서+verb+고 있다’ as well. They also have to learn in written language, ‘-에서’ not only represents ‘activity’ in the place but has semantic functions like ‘a source or ground’ as well. Learners should also be taught about how to use them in written language, too.

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* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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