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A Study on the Perception of State Examinations (Gwageo) and Learning (Gongbu) in the Joseon Dynasty

  • Korean Language & Literature
  • 2026, (132), pp.149~171
  • Publisher : Korean Language & Literature
  • Research Area : Humanities > Korean Language and Literature
  • Received : January 11, 2026
  • Accepted : March 25, 2026
  • Published : March 31, 2026

Kim, Su-hyun 1

1한남대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the fundamental meaning of learning (Gongbu) and the civil service examination (Gwageo) in the Joseon Dynasty. While previous scholarship has extensively covered the institutional history of Gwageo using administrative records like Bangmok (examination rosters), or explored cultural aspects through anecdotes of corruption and malpractices, research on the essential process of scholarly pursuit has remained relatively marginal. Overemphasizing the negative aspects of the system, such as ghostwriting or systemic decay, risks distorting the original intent of Gwageo-the rational recruitment of talent based on academic merit. By analyzing private records such as personal literary collections and diaries, this study seeks to illuminate the empirical and practical aspects of learning that official documents often overlook. The research shifts the focus from institutional or sensational narratives toward exemplary cases of scholars who devoted themselves to refining their prose and exploring Confucian classics. In doing so, this study aims to recover the essential value of Joseon-era education and provide a more balanced perspective on how the pursuit of academic excellence was integrated into the state examination system.

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