Changes of rainfall pattern and land use have increased flood disaster risks in urban areas. Using the case of flood damage areas by heavy rainfalls of September 2010 and July 2011 in Seoul, this study analyzes land use factors influencing flood damages based on 239 drainage area units. After examining spatial distributions of flood damage areas in Seoul, the study analyzes the characteristics of land use in flood damage areas. Also, several regression models explore the relationship between flood damage areas and land use characteristics. The analysis finds that flood damage areas are associated with maximum rainfall intensity, flatland or gentle slope, residential-commercial mixed use, commercial and business use, detached housing use, and green and open spaces. The study implies that, while more aggressive adaptational measures to climate change are needed, urban planning measures to reduce flood risk and stormwater runoff would be strongly effective by designating and managing the flood damage areas. Also, the study implies that flood prevention strategies could be customized to local characteristics such as topography, land use and land cover, and drainage systems since both rainfall and flood damage distributions are highly localized. This study suggests that urban planning measures additional to structural flood control measures would be helpful to reduce urban flood risk more fundamentally.