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A Study on the Convergence of the Jacob Tradition and the Mosaic Tradition in the Book of Hosea: Focusing on the Use of Divine Names in Hosea 12

  • Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies
  • Abbr : KJOTS
  • 2024, 30(4), pp.141-176
  • Publisher : Korean Society of Old Testament Studies
  • Research Area : Humanities > Christian Theology

Byun Kyung-Wook 1

1평택대학교 피어선신학전문대학원

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study examines how the Jacob tradition and the Mosaic tradition are quoted in the chapter 12 of the Book of Hosea in terms of the use of the divine names to create the meaning at a historical, literary, and canonical level. The chapter 12 criticizes the history and theology of Israel and at the same time conveyed a message of ‘converging’ of the two streams. One stream is the ‘El/Elohim’ deity name and the Jacob tradition, which is largely based in northern Israel. The other stream is the divine name ‘YHWH’ and the Mosaic tradition (the exodus tradition, the wilderness tradition). Historically, in the 10th to 8th century BC, religious syncretism occurred in northern Israel due to externally political and economic factors, resulting in returning to the union between the indigenous gods of northern Israel, ‘El/Elohim’ and ‘Baal’. Hosea of ​​the 8th century BC used the strategy of converging ‘YHWH’ and ‘El/Elohim’ to present the restoration of the union between ‘El/Elohim’ of the Jacob tradition and ‘YHWH’ of the Mosaic trandition. From a literary perspective, Hosea chapter 12 shows that the Jacob tradition and the Mosaic tradition originate from the same ‘God’ by the strategy to converge the divine names ‘YHWH’ and ‘El/Elohim’. Chapter 12 of the Book of Hosea depicts the convergence of the two traditions in a comprehensive way through the coincidence of the number of the divine names ‘YHWH’ and ‘Elohim’, the structure of chiasm, and the memory of the Jacob and Mosaic traditions. In terms of the canonical approach in the Twelve Prophets, the book of Hosea is related to Malachi. The number of the divine name ‘YHWH’ is the same as Malachi, and the prophets who were active in the 8th century used the words ‘Israel’ and ‘Jacob’ many times. The reason for its placement was to serve as a reminder and call to the Israelites when introducing the Book of the Twelve. In addition, it was intended to restore trust in the prophets that had fallen during the Persian period at the beginning of the Second Temple era and to secure the legitimacy of the Twelve Prophets themselves. Hosea wanted Israel to truly ‘know the LORD(Hosea 6:3).’ Hosea reminds readers that there is only ‘one’ who is in charge of history inside and outside the combined ‘the Jacob tradition’ and ‘the Mosaic tradition’ and integrates ‘El/Elohim’ into ‘YHWH’ as the divine names.

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.