@article{ART003388922},
author={Isaac Park},
title={The Narrative Function of פָּקַד in the Torah and Its LXX Translation Equivalents: Focusing on Genesis and Exodus},
journal={Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies},
issn={1229-0521},
year={2026},
volume={32},
number={3},
pages={78-111},
doi={10.24333/jkots.2026.32.3.78}
TY - JOUR
AU - Isaac Park
TI - The Narrative Function of פָּקַד in the Torah and Its LXX Translation Equivalents: Focusing on Genesis and Exodus
JO - Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies
PY - 2026
VL - 32
IS - 3
PB - Korean Society of Old Testament Studies
SP - 78
EP - 111
SN - 1229-0521
AB - This study aims to clarify the morpho-syntactic features, narrative linkages, and LXX translation equivalents of selected uses of the Hebrew verb פקד in the Pentateuch through a comprehensive survey and functional classification of its occurrences.
A survey of all verbal occurrences shows that the usages classified here as “salvific visitation” are concentrated in Genesis and Exodus, providing an inductive basis for focusing on these two books. Read synchronically in their final form, the relevant texts display recurring lexical and morphological correspondences: Genesis 21:1 presents פקד in connection with the fulfillment of prior divine speech; Genesis 50:24–25 employs the infinitive absolute construction פָּקֹד יִפְקֹד to affirm future divine action; Exodus 3:16 reuses the same root in פָּקֹד פָּקַדְתִּי; and Exodus 13:19 explicitly recalls Joseph’s earlier declaration.
Exodus 32:34 provides a contrasting judicial usage. Here פקד occurs in a different morpho-syntactic environment, including an עַל construction and the noun חַטָּאתָם, corresponding to its function of judicial recompense rather than salvific care. The LXX likewise displays a notable translation pattern: ἐπισκέπτομαι repeatedly renders פקד in the salvific usages, though it is not restricted to salvific contexts. The Hebrew infinitive absolute constructions are consistently represented by a cognate construction involving ἐπισκοπῇ + ἐπισκέπτομαι. This pattern therefore reflects a recurring contextual correspondence rather than a fixed one-to-one lexical equivalence.
This study clarifies how the meaning and function of פקד are realized in specific contexts and how selected Genesis-Exodus occurrences are related within the Hebrew text and reflected in the Greek translation. It also provides a philological basis for extending the analysis to other Pentateuchal and biblical corpora.
KW - פָּקַד (paqad);ἐπισκέπτομαι;morhpo-syntactic repetition;narrative function;Septuagint(LXX)
DO - 10.24333/jkots.2026.32.3.78
ER -
Isaac Park. (2026). The Narrative Function of פָּקַד in the Torah and Its LXX Translation Equivalents: Focusing on Genesis and Exodus. Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies, 32(3), 78-111.
Isaac Park. 2026, "The Narrative Function of פָּקַד in the Torah and Its LXX Translation Equivalents: Focusing on Genesis and Exodus", Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies, vol.32, no.3 pp.78-111. Available from: doi:10.24333/jkots.2026.32.3.78
Isaac Park "The Narrative Function of פָּקַד in the Torah and Its LXX Translation Equivalents: Focusing on Genesis and Exodus" Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies 32.3 pp.78-111 (2026) : 78.
Isaac Park. The Narrative Function of פָּקַד in the Torah and Its LXX Translation Equivalents: Focusing on Genesis and Exodus. 2026; 32(3), 78-111. Available from: doi:10.24333/jkots.2026.32.3.78
Isaac Park. "The Narrative Function of פָּקַד in the Torah and Its LXX Translation Equivalents: Focusing on Genesis and Exodus" Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies 32, no.3 (2026) : 78-111.doi: 10.24333/jkots.2026.32.3.78
Isaac Park. The Narrative Function of פָּקַד in the Torah and Its LXX Translation Equivalents: Focusing on Genesis and Exodus. Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies, 32(3), 78-111. doi: 10.24333/jkots.2026.32.3.78
Isaac Park. The Narrative Function of פָּקַד in the Torah and Its LXX Translation Equivalents: Focusing on Genesis and Exodus. Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies. 2026; 32(3) 78-111. doi: 10.24333/jkots.2026.32.3.78
Isaac Park. The Narrative Function of פָּקַד in the Torah and Its LXX Translation Equivalents: Focusing on Genesis and Exodus. 2026; 32(3), 78-111. Available from: doi:10.24333/jkots.2026.32.3.78
Isaac Park. "The Narrative Function of פָּקַד in the Torah and Its LXX Translation Equivalents: Focusing on Genesis and Exodus" Korean Journal of Old Testament Studies 32, no.3 (2026) : 78-111.doi: 10.24333/jkots.2026.32.3.78
