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Strategic Alliances and the Impact of the Hoko System in Manchukuo

  • Journal of Manchurian Studies
  • Abbr : 만주연구
  • 2023, (36), pp.121~181
  • DOI : 10.22888/mcsa..36.202310.121
  • Publisher : The Manchurian Studies Association
  • Research Area : Social Science > Area Studies > East Asia > China
  • Received : September 17, 2023
  • Accepted : October 24, 2023
  • Published : October 31, 2023

민병진 1

1서강대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This article probes the intricate collaboration between the central government of Manchukuo and local elites in the 1930s. It specifically examines the Hoko (Baojia, 保甲) system, exploring how this system fostered and facilitate these relationships, culminating in the establishment of robust local partnerships and regional organs instrumental in performing crucial managerial and administrative tasks. The Hoko system emerged as a pivotal conduit for building solidarity between local elites and the new state power of the era. It was meticulously tailored to cater to major societal imperatives: public safety. The system, embodying a necessarily flexibility, was strategically oriented towards augmenting the efficient use of resources to bolster and maximize self-defense measures and streamline administrative functionalities. Though the Hoko system began as a collaborative effort at inception, is also encountered challenges. Competition between local governments and elites over power and autonomy eventually strained their relations. This adversarial dynamic led to the system’s instrumental use for profiteering at the expense of the local residents. Consequently, despite the Hoko’s initial successes, it transcended its initial objectives and subsequently made way for the implementation of the Gaison system.

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