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Surviving in Liaodong: Tabcin as a Breakthrough in the Economic Crisis under the Rule of Hongtaiji : With Focus in Tiancong(1627-1636) Era

  • Journal of Manchurian Studies
  • Abbr : 만주연구
  • 2024, (37), pp.41~71
  • DOI : 10.22888/mcsa..37.202404.41
  • Publisher : The Manchurian Studies Association
  • Research Area : Social Science > Area Studies > East Asia > China
  • Received : March 17, 2024
  • Accepted : April 22, 2024
  • Published : April 30, 2024

KIM YUN SOON 1

1강원대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study examines the specific patterns of tabcin during the Hongtaiji Tiancong(1627~1636) Era with a focus on tabcin recorded in literature written in the Manchu language and investigates the meanings of tabcin as a breakthrough from international isolation and economic crisis in the viewpoint of the early Qing period. In the literature written in the Manchu language, tabcin was an instant and efficient means to resolve the economic crisis faced by Later Jin (Qing), being set for its concrete rules or methods and implemented in an organized manner under the control of Hongtaiji. The concept of tabcin during the rule of Hongtaiji can be examined in both a narrow and broad sense. In a narrow sense, tabcin represented a “material supply struggle” whose goals were instant “olji” and the securement of goods. The coverage of tabcin included the regions of Ming Dynasty, Joseon Dynasty, Mongol, and Donghai Jurchen. Tabcin was also utilized in activities to eliminate and block the war supplies of Ming. In a broad sense, tabcin was an “attempt to expand international economy.” Hongtaiji consistently asked Ming to join peace negotiations in addition to a large-scale expedition to Ming and the acquisition of supplies through tabcin to secure continuous and stable material supply by stabilizing relations with Ming. Later Jin tried to maximize its economic profit to solve its food shortage, secure financial resources through bought-back prisoners, and request for border markets by growing out of its international isolation and pressuring its supply centers to play the role of stable food and material supply through an expedition to Joseon and tabcin. Following his conquest of Cahar, Hongtaiji ensured a merger through economic relations with Ming along the Great Wall of China under the influence of Mongol, taking the lead in the relationship between Mongol and Ming Dynasty in the regions along the Great Wall. As he succeeded in his attempt to expand international economy to overcome an economic crisis and isolation through neighboring countries, an international order around the northern nations was formed and led to the conversion into the Qing Imperial Order.

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This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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