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The Incomplete Confucian Monarchy : Focusing on Emperor Xuantong and Yi Lao of Late Qing dynasty during the Early Establishment of Manchukuo

  • Journal of Manchurian Studies
  • Abbr : 만주연구
  • 2024, (38), pp.63~96
  • DOI : 10.22888/mcsa..38.202410.63
  • Publisher : The Manchurian Studies Association
  • Research Area : Social Science > Area Studies > East Asia > China
  • Received : September 30, 2024
  • Accepted : October 18, 2024
  • Published : October 31, 2024

Ji, kwansoon 1

1연세대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This study examines efforts to reconstruct Chinese civilization through Confucian principles that were made during the early Republic of China period, which culminated in the establishment of Manchukuo. It focuses on the Late Qing Loyalists (Yilao) and their plans to reinstate Puyi (Emperor Xuantong) to power using a Confucian revival framework that operated in tandem with Japan’s “Imperial Way Confucianism.” This dual ideological system embodied continuity with Chinese traditions alongside Japanese imperial ambitions. The paper analyzes the contrasting perspectives of two key Qing loyalists, Shen Zengzhi and Zheng Xiaoxu, on how Confucianism should be applied to the state. Shen emphasized personal cultivation and self-expansion (自我擴大), focusing on the moral development of individuals, while Zheng prioritized the normative role of Confucianism in addressing moral governance and societal reform. These divergent views reveal how Manchukuo served as a platform for enlightened conservatives to bring their beliefs and aspirations to fruition, blending Confucian ideals with transnational influence and de-Sinicized elements.

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.