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Liang Qichao’s Conversion in the Concept of “Revolution” - Around the Period of Qingyibao and Xinmincongbao

Yi, Hye-gyung 1

1서울대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

This paper examines how Liang Qichao, who had a leading role as an enlightenment thinker, changed the implication of the concept of “revolution” around the time of the Russian Revolution of 1905. Though Liang Qichao, as a “Constitionalist”, was in conflict with the “Revolutionaries,” he was the first person in China to adopt “revolution”, a translated term, with its modern meaning. With the understanding of “revolution” as a concept similar to “evolution”, he used the term quite affirmatively up to a certain time. However, through confrontation with the revolutionaries while witnessing the reality of the Russian Revolution, he organized his negative position towards revolution. Social evolution was regarded as a framework to recognize the reality that people had to uplift the national competitiveness, as well as an institution to recognize the moral value that they had to control self-indulgence and contribute to the country. Criticism of revolution was also carried out within the framework in which Liang Qichao accepted social evolution. Domestically, “revolution” was regarded as a private ambition towards power by amoral people who needed to devote themselves to the country; in terms of the relationship with foreign countries, it was criticized as a riot that eroded national competitiveness. It was considered not different from dynastic revolutions which had been forced by selfishness without any consideration to the nation and its people. “Revolution”, which had been affirmed as evolution, was negated as a “barbaric” takeover against evolution.

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2023 are currently being built.

This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.