KJCKorea
Journal Central

This paper examines how state internationalization policies are adopted and adapted by universities and its unit levels in three non-English speaking countries in Asia, namely Taiwan, Japan, and Indonesia. It is a cross-country comparison with regards to regional proximity, non-English-speaking situations, and different demographic situation. Applying the qualitative method, the study found that the rationales for internationalization of higher education institutions differ significantly among the three. Each is strongly influenced, at the national level, demographic variables, stages of economic and higher education development, and geopolitical position. As a result, there are variations of policy and policy implementation across the countries at the national, university, and unit levels. Taiwan and Japan tend to marketize their universities by inbounding the best talents from overseas. While Taiwan has focused more on inbounding students from New Southbound Policy countries and beyond, Japan shows recent growing interest in outbounding its own local students for the purpose of nurturing them to be more globally fit. Indonesia on the other hand, demonstrates its internationalization by focusing on outbounding its students and scholars to pursue and experience HE abroad. Accordingly, universities and units tend to follow their respective country's national policy by gaining grants from the governments, which are important resources for their internationalization programs. The activities are shaped not only by government guidance but also by the role and position of each university in its respective country, as well as own directions and goals, which are set based on their history and mission.

This research examines the current state of oral traditions and the transmission of folk performing arts in East Java, Indonesia, amidst modern societal changes. While oral traditions remain vital for cultural preservation, their conventional modes of transmission are increasingly misaligned with today's fast-paced, digital-oriented environment. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated this issue, accelerating the shift toward digital entertainment and deepening the marginalization of traditional arts. Despite its urgency, this topic remains underexplored in academic literature. Using an ethnographic approach and drawing on cultural transmission and resilience theory, this study analyzes how folk performing arts endure, adapt, or decline in response to these challenges. It highlights the central role of transmission practices in sustaining cultural continuity. It also explores the involvement of key stakeholders, including local governments, educational institutions, and NGOs, in either supporting or neglecting these efforts. The findings reveal a persistent tension between preserving authenticity and embracing innovation. Ultimately, the study offers strategic insights into how East Java's rich artistic heritage can be transmitted more sustainably to future generations.

Indonesia launched its first gastrodiplomacy initiative, Indonesia Spice Up the World (ISUTW) in 2021, aiming to establish 4,000 Indonesian restaurants overseas and increase spice trade revenue to $2 billion by 2024. However, as the initial phase approaches its conclusion in 2024, the tangible impact of ISUTW in certain countries, especially in Europe, remains less apparent and somewhat puzzling. This study aims to examine the current impact of ISUTW in Europe, with a particular focus on the Netherlands and France. A qualitative research approach was employed, drawing on a combination of interviews, literature review, discussions with state and non-state actors in Indonesia, and fieldwork conducted in the Netherlands and France. This study suggests prioritizing specific European countries, namely the Netherlands and France, for the second cycle of ISUTW due to their historical ties with Indonesia, including colonial pasts, the romanticism of Indonesian exiles, the presence of Indonesian restaurants, and the societal familiarity with Indonesian cuisine. These crucial features are expected to facilitate the promotion of Indonesian culinary heritage through ISUTW. The study suggests that a more targeted and well-calibrated strategy is required to improve the effectiveness of ISUTW initiatives in Europe, with pilot implementations proposed in the Netherlands and France.