2021, Vol.94, No.

Eine Untersuchung für die verspätete Beantragung einer Entscheidung über die Entschädigung bei Sanierungsprojekten

KANG, HYUN HO | 2021, 94 | pp.1~34 | number of Cited : 0

Eine Stadt wird geboren, wächst und gedeiht wie ein lebender Organismus und geht dann auf einen Weg des Niedergangs. Die Stadtentwicklung kann als Blume der menschlichen Zivilisation bezeichnet werden. Eine der wichtigsten Säulen der Stadtentwicklung ist das Stadtsanierungsprojekt. Es ist nicht geboten, sich dem Sanierungsprojekt nur im Hinblick auf die Verbesserung des Wohnumfelds des Einzelnen zu nähern, sondern umsomehr muss es berücksichtigt werden, dass es sich um ein Projekt handelt, das zum öffentlichen Interesse der Stadtentwicklung beiträgt. Für den Fall, dass Sanierungsprojekte aus der Perspektive des öffentlichen Interesses betrachtet werden, sollte eine reibungslose Förderung des Projekts sichergestellt werden, und rechtliche Grundlagen und Operationen sollten auch in eine Richtung gehen, die eine reibungslose Förderung des Sanierungsprojekts und die stabile Durchführung des Projekts fördert. In dem Zustand, dass das Verständnis des Sanierungsprojekts im Stadtsanierungsgesetz nicht ausreichend verstanden wurde, wurden die Vorschriften ohne tiefe Berechnung erlassen, die dem Stadtsanierungsprojekt das Landentschädigungsgesetz entsprechend anwendeten. Darüber hinaus wurde dem Sanierungsprojekt das System zur Beantragung einer Entscheidung über die Entschädigung nach dem Landesentschädigungsgesetz unkritisch angewendet, und das Problem der Geldempfänger, die am Stadtsanierungsprojekt nicht teilnahmen, wurde als Problem der Entschädigung angesehen, anstatt als Einordnung von Anteilen an denjenigen, die sich aus der Gesellschaft zurückziehen, zu betrachten. Es ist schwierig, das Landentschädigungsgesetz entsprechend auf Sanierungsprojekte anzuwenden, bei denen die Goanricheobun-Methode das Prinzip ist, da das Projekt im Landentschädigungsgesetz normalerweise nach der vollständigen Enteignungsmethode durchgeführt wird. Das Stadtverbesserungsgesetz ignorierte die Besonderheit des Sanierungsprojekts. Es ist jedoch sehr wahrscheinlich, dass diese Anwendung des Landentschädigungsgesetzes ein großes Hindernis für die Förderung von Sanierungsprojekten darstellt, da die Spezifität von Sanierungsprojekten nicht anerkannt werden kann. Abschließend möchte ich darauf hinweisen, dass das Landentschädigungsgesetz nicht entsprechend auf die Barabrechnung bei Sanierungsprojekten angewendet werden sollte, sondern dass das Stadtverbesserungsgesetz selbst eine umfassendere Regelung für die Barabrechnung enthalten sollte.

Social Benefit Administration(Leistungsverwaltung) and Publicity(Öffentlichkeit) - Focus on a Comparative Study of Public Health Legal Institutions between Korea and Japan -

Hwang Jihye | 2021, 94 | pp.35~59 | number of Cited : 3

The social benefit administration(Leistungsverwaltung) is directly related to the lives of the people, such as social security, electricity, and water, and seeks high publicity. In the 1980s, privatization(Privatisierung) led to the deterioration of public service quality, which led to problems of publicity(Öffentlichkeit) in social benefit administration. It is the public health sector that has recently become more problematic. Contrary to our perception, damage caused by COVID-19 is serious in developed countries with well-equipped medical environments. According to a report published by the Lancet commission on February 2021, the reduction of public health care was cited as the reason for the most damage caused by COVID-19. This article aims to draw discussions on the publicity of public health care from the paradoxical situation where damage caused by COVID-19 is significant in U.S. and advanced medical countries of Europe. Public health care system includes Public health insurance and Public health agencies, and among them, discussions in Korea will be centered on public health agencies. Because Korea has a universal public health insurance system unlike the U.S., there seems to be little need for discussion. On the other hand, public health agency system has experienced the closure of Jinju Medical Center in 2013 and the resulting medical vacuum in Korea. Therefore, among legal institutions of public health, public health agencies will be discussed mainly, and more specifically, local medical centers that function as local central hospitals will be discussed. In order to do a more timely research, we would also discuss the relationship between the reform of local medical centers and countermeasure to the COVID-19. The main method of reforming local medical centers were the reduction of public health care through privatization(Privatisierung), which, as seen in the U.S. case, is related to countermeasure to the COVID-19. In order to develop the discussion, the writer would like to compare the legal institution of local medical center and the reform of local medical centers in Korea and Japan. The reason why Japan is a target country is because it has legal institution of local medical center that is very similar to that of Korea and experienced the most active local medical center reformation among East Asian countries. The aim of comparing legal institution of local medical center between Korea & Japan; and comparing the reform of local medical center between Korea & Japan is, in the midst of COVID-19 Pandemic, to find ways how local medical center in Korea can function as the main institution to countermeasure to COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea

The Public Concept of Land Ownership and Revision of the korean constitution - Alternative Search for the Public Concept of Land Ownership : Real Estate Economic Democratization -

Heo, Kang Moo | 2021, 94 | pp.61~87 | number of Cited : 5

A Study on the Housing Lease System

Lim, Suk-Nyeo | 2021, 94 | pp.89~114 | number of Cited : 5

The protection of tenants prescribed by the Housing Lease Protection Act is also very important in terms of the minimum protection of rights based on the basic rights of the Constitution, which is the housing stability of the people. The sharp rise in real estate prices is causing serious problems with income polarization and imbalance among households. Therefore, the issue of housing poverty for newlyweds and young people has emerged as a problem for our society to consider ahead of time. The majority of newlyweds and young people, except for a very small number, usually rent houses. The Housing Lease Protection Act provides for a number of systems related to counterpower, collection of deposits, registration orders, lease term, renewal of contracts, right to claim demurrage, and protection of certain amounts of deposits. At the end of the lease, the renewed tenant may exercise his/her right to renew the contract only once only if the lessee refuses to renew or fails to change the terms of the contract six months before the end of the lease period. In such cases, the duration of the renewed lease shall be deemed two years. In other words, there is no provision for a 'right to seek contract renewal' that allows tenants to actively request renewal of the contract by recognising only 'implicit renewal'. Therefore, at the end of the two-year lease period, the lease relationship ends in principle, forcing the lessee to accept the rent increase unilaterally determined by the lessee and renew the contract or choose to move. In most cases, renters do not renew their contracts to accommodate new tenants at the market price because there is a limit to the legal amount that cannot be raised more than one-twentieth of the deposit even if the tenant tries to raise the lease deposit. As a way to this end, the protection of renters and tenants should be made together by calculating standard rent for each region, setting the upper and lower limits of lease deposits, and allowing them to raise lease deposits within the limit. In addition, it is a matter of collecting lease deposits at lease expiration. The current housing situation in Korea is scattered with unregistered and unlicensed houses for various reasons. However, housing subject to the tenancy registration order is limited to "registered housing". In particular, it is impossible to register lease rights in unauthorized houses, which can be regarded as mostly inhabited by ordinary people. Looking at the characteristics of housing leases, most of them are that after the deposit is received, the renter does not save the deposit received from the tenant in the bank, but is pushing for a new project using it as the basis. In other words, the landlord has secured a new deposit through re-lease and is returning the deposit to the existing tenant. Because most renters are using deposits from tenants as new housing or housing purchases. As a result, if there is no new tenant, the lease deposit cannot be returned even if the lease ends. This will result in an imbalance in the supply and demand of housing needed, which in turn will contribute to the increase in deposit. Preferred items such as apartments are fast to rotate, so there is no problem with tenants immediately at maturity, but multi-family homes and studio apartments, especially semi-basement, often do not rent well and often take a lot of time. In other words, specific and fundamental relief systems, such as deductions and immediate loans, should be introduced to landlords at maturity.

Review of the geothermal resources and earthquake prevention procedure in the United States

Kim, Jae Sun | 2021, 94 | pp.115~140 | number of Cited : 1

In 2010, “Enhanced Geothermal System Project for MW Power Generation”, one of the project funded by the Korean Government, geothermal project in pohang, has been introduced and performed under the “Framework Act on Science and Technology”, “Enforcement Decree of the Industrial Technology Innovation Promotion Act”, and “Operation Guidelines for projects for innovation of industrial technology”. After reviewing technologic aspect including geological, geographic, social and location conditions, pohang area has been selected as the main area to conduct geothermal project. After the earthquake of about 5.4 degree in Pohang occurred in 2017, the Korean Government Commission has determined that natural earthquake was “triggered by an artificial cause”. This paper focus on the United States cases, which include pre-evaluation and hearing in the process of site selection to geothermal resources development even though there is no clear relationship between the geothermal resource development and the earthquake. Geothermal resource refers to all resources(steam, gas, energy, by-products etc.), and the applicable regulations are not clearly defined because it was combined resources including liquid, gas and solid. In 1977, the Supreme Court held that the geothermal resources can be valuable under the Federal Mining Statutes. The geothermal legislations follows as The Federal Geothermal Steam Act, Geothermal Resources Act of California and New Mexico. Moreover, bidding system was introduced in 2005, specific land leasing agreement process was articulated. Especially the California Geothermal Resources Act specified “land excavation permit, drilling permit, penetration permit, geothermal energy sales permit etc.”, and protocol for addressing induced seismicity associated with enhanced geothermal system specified 7 stage review process. In Korea, legislations recognizing the unique legal nature of the geothermal resources, securing the safety, and acknowledging reasonable economic utilization value of the resources would be needed. Moreover, specific procedural rules including leasing agreement, geothermal resource development permit (each stage’s permit) needs to be considered.

A study on the responsibility for damages and the right to indemnity for nosocomial infection and group infections in the hospital

JEON HOON | 2021, 94 | pp.141~163 | number of Cited : 2

Review of legislative measures for introducing the Private Investigation system

WON JUNG KIM | 2021, 94 | pp.165~187 | number of Cited : 3

A Study on the Compensation for Administrative Losses of Small Business Restrictions

Park Sehun | 2021, 94 | pp.189~207 | number of Cited : 12

Although the nation's quarantine cooperation against the outbreak of infectious diseases without treatments and vaccines has been successful, small business owners are threatened with their right to live as Corona-19 has been unable to cover fixed expenses such as labor and rent. The government is providing disaster support to the nation and small business Enterprises in the form of subsidies, but the small business industry is arguing that subsidies are not enough and that losses should be compensated by business restrictions. The compensation for administrative losses is requested more strongly as the nation's need for various administrative actions increases in today's rapidly changing society. In other words, the form of property rights is diversifying and vast as society develops, and property rights can be set by legislators and limitations, and as the state performs market-controlled and public policy functions, the possibility of property rights being restricted or infringed is increasing. The exercise of illegal public power can be remedied by a claim for damages. However, violations caused by the exercise of such legitimate public power can be argued with constitutional petitions, unconstitutional legal trials, etc., but it is practically difficult to be rescued without legal grounds. Even if the exercise of public power is legitimate, the foundation of a democratic country will be shaken if it is tolerated without considering the loss of death. Therefore, it is in line with the principle of guaranteeing property rights and the administration of the rule of law to institutionalize the violation of the cause of death due to the exercise of legitimate public power to exceed socially acceptable level (special sacrifice). In principle, compensation for losses is recognized only if there is a provisions of the Act. According to the current Act on the Prevention and Management of Infectious Diseases (hereinafter referred to as the Infection Prevention Method), it is difficult to immediately recognize the compensation for losses due to the lack of business restrictions. In light of the general theory of loss compensation, it is a key issue whether the business restrictions in the infectious disease prevention method violate property rights to small business owners and become a special sacrifice beyond social restrictions. It is clear that it is the exercise of legitimate public power by public necessity, and that such exercise of public power infringes on the property rights of goodwill, and that it is natural to discuss compensation by excessively and intensively restricting certain operations. However, it is also true that it is difficult to clearly determine the business restrictions on the basis of unclear special sacrifices because there is no loss compensation regulation. It is expected to be meaningful in that it presents arguments that can determine whether it is a special sacrifice.

Building Permit Law and Bureaucrat’s Abuse of Discretion Power

Cho, YoungJong , lee jae sam | 2021, 94 | pp.209~236 | number of Cited : 2

Eine rechtliche Studie zu öffentlich-rechtlichen Fragen bei der Tötung der Nutztieren unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Entschädigung

Myeongjin Han | 2021, 94 | pp.237~258 | number of Cited : 2

Seit den 2000er Jahren, als Nachrichten über Nutztierepidemien wie Maul- und Klauenseuche zu hören waren, wurde dies unweigerlich verfolgt, oder als vorbeugende Maßnahme wurde die Tötung von Nutztieren durchgeführt. Die Rechtsgrundlage für eine solche Entsorgung von Nutztieren ist im „Gesetz zur Verhütung infektiöser Nutztierkrankheiten“ festgelegt. Artikel 20 Absatz 1 des Gesetzes zur Verhütung von Tierinfektionskrankheiten sieht vor, dass, wenn sicher ist, dass es auf eine Maul- und Klauenseuche übertragen wurde, die eine erstklassige ansteckende Tierkrankheit ist oder angenommen wird dass es ansteckend war, muss es getötet werden. Dies ist eine sogenannte "allgemeine Tötung", die eine Gegenmaßnahme in Fällen ist, in denen es fast sicher ist, dass die Person eine Krankheit hat. Darüber hinaus erlaubt und schreibt das Zusatz zu Artikel 20 Absatz 1 desselben Gesetzes vor, dass Tierhalter in Gebieten, in denen sich Infektionskrankheiten wie Maul- und Klauenseuche ausbreiten oder wahrscheinlich ausbreiten, unverzüglich bestellt und festgelegt werden können. Dies ist das sogenannte "vorbeugende Tötung". Dies ist eine Gegenmaßnahme, die sich auf das Risiko von Schäden konzentriert, um die Möglichkeit der Übertragung und das Risiko zu blockieren, ohne zu berücksichtigen, ob die Krankheit tatsächlich innerhalb von 3 km von der Krankheit auf Nutztiere übertragen wurde oder nicht. Es ist sehr besorgniserregend, alle Fälle innerhalb eines Radius von 3 km als Problembereiche zu betrachten und sie in Tötungsziele einzubeziehen, ohne geografische, topografische und dynamische Merkmale zu berücksichtigen. Die vorbeugende Tötung gilt nur für Infektionskrankheiten von Nutztieren des Typs 1, und für Infektionskrankheiten von Nutztieren des Typs 2 ist nur eine allgemeine Tötung möglich. Daher ist eine vorbeugende Tötung und Behandlung von Infektionskrankheiten von Nutztieren des Typs 2 aufgrund der gesetzlichen Auslegung nicht möglich. Anstelle der Methode, allgemeine Tötungen und vorbeugende Tötungen in einem Artikel zusammenzufassen, ist eine Änderung erforderlich, um jede der beiden Methoden getrennt zu klären und zu definieren. Es wird geprüft, ob bei der Vollstreckung der Tötung eine angemessene Entschädigung geleistet wird. Im Falle der Tötung von Nutztieren wird festgelegt, dass die Entschädigung im Verhältnis zur Art der Krankheit unterschiedlich kompensiert wird, ob es sich um den ersten Bericht über einen Infektionsausbruch handelt, ob es sich um eine antibiotikafreie Nutztierfarm handelt und die Ortszeit für die Tötungsanordnung. Selbst wenn die Quarantänemaßnahmen erschöpft sind, kann die Entschädigung aus Gründen abgezogen werden, aus denen sie nicht der erste Berichterstatter oder ein antibiotikafreier Viehzüchter sind, sodass sie möglicherweise nicht dem angemessenen Entschädigungsprinzip entsprechen.In Situationen, in denen Bedenken hinsichtlich der Rechtfertigung einer vorbeugenden Tötung und Verfügung bestehen, ist der Abzug der Entschädigung für die Nichteinhaltung der Anordnung nicht zulässig, obwohl berechtigte Gründe vorliegen, z. B. rechtliche Argumente für die Ungerechtigkeit der Anordnung Befolgen Sie sofort die Reihenfolge der Tötung. Dies kann gegen den Grundsatz der Klarheit und den Grundsatz der Verhältnismäßigkeit verstoßen.

The State of Unity in the Establishment of Modern Local Autonomy System - Focused on French -

BAEK YUN CHUL , Lee， Dong-Kwang | 2021, 94 | pp.259~278 | number of Cited : 0

A Legal and Institutional review of the types of introduction to Local Government Forms

Lee, Jae-Ran , Cho Kye Pyo | 2021, 94 | pp.279~303 | number of Cited : 0

On the Study of Political Party Theory

Lee Young Woo | 2021, 94 | pp.305~323 | number of Cited : 1

Unconstitutionality of Restriction of Tax Service Area of Lawyers with Tax Accountant Qualification

Moon-Hyun Koh | 2021, 94 | pp.325~348 | number of Cited : 2

In this thesis, among the alternative proposals of the Planning and Finance Committee for the amendment of the Tax Affairs Act proposed on November 29, 2019, and the representative proposal for the amendment of the Tax Affairs Act on July 22, 2020, the tax representative of a lawyer qualified as a tax accountant. Constitutional problems such as reduction of work area, tax accountant registration system, and provision of practical training conditions were examined. Conclusions are as follows. the reduction of the tax agency work area of lawyers who are qualified as tax accountants is unconstitutional. The alternatives above are the verification of fidelity reporting under the 'Income Tax Act' or 'Corporate Tax Act' and 'Agency of making a book for tax reporting (No. 3)' among the duties of a lawyer qualified as a tax accountant. No. 8)' It is restricted from doing business. However, this reduction of the scope of work violates the principle of prohibition of excess and essential content infringement, which is the constitutional limitation [Article 37 (2)] of the constitution to restrict basic rights required by the constitution for the freedom of choice of profession (Article 15 of the Constitution) for a lawyer qualified as a tax accountant. It is judged to be an unconstitutional law that is excessively restricted beyond necessity. In particular, although formally limited to two of the eight areas of tax accountant's work, bookkeeping (so-called 'booking work') is the starting point of tax accountant's work and a link between subsequent work such as tax adjustment invoice preparation, so it is at the center of tax accountant's work. The legislator's decision to exclude these duties is not only a legitimate means to achieve the legislative purpose of protecting the rights and interests of taxpayers by preventing poor tax agency work, but also that it violates the basic rights of the subject of related basic rights, the principle of minimization of infringement. Furthermore, it infringed on the essential content of the freedom of choice of profession, to the extent that the tax accountant's job was punished and the attorney with the qualification of a tax accountant lost the purpose of guaranteeing the freedom of work as a tax accountant. In addition, in terms of discrimination according to the time of acquisition of the attorney's qualification, it was confirmed that it was unconstitutional discrimination that could not recognize a strict proportional relationship from the viewpoint of discrimination from other qualified companies (tax accountant exam passers, public accountants). Lastly, the freedom of choice of tax accountants, which is a form of self-determination, in the economic life of the people who are taxpayers, is also subject to great restrictions, resulting in an unconstitutional legislative bill that goes beyond the limitations of the basic rights of the Constitution. In conclusion, since the alternatives to the Planning and Finance Committee and Representative Proposition Yang Kyung-sook do not fully reflect the purpose of the Constitutional Court's determination of constitutional inconsistency with respect to Article 6 of the Tax Affairs Act, etc., it contains unconstitutional content, taking into account the points mentioned above and removing the unconstitutionality.

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Public Land Law Review 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 1.14

2021, Vol.94, No.