2023, Vol.36, No.3

Anatomy & Biological Anthropology 2023 KCI Impact Factor : 0.33

pISSN : 2671-5651 / eISSN : 2671-566X
https://journal.kci.go.kr/aba

In accordance with the development of medical education, all medical schools in Korea regularly receive evaluation and accreditation from the Korea Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation. Evaluation items include various fields such as curriculum, evaluation, educational resources, and systems, but there are currently no detailed regulations for anatomy lab among the evaluation items for practical education. Accordingly, this study examined the necessity of evaluating anatomy lab in evaluation and certification. A survey was conducted on the need for regulations and evaluation items for dissection practice in evaluation and certification, and anatomy classroom faculty from 36 (90%) of the 40 major medical schools participated. 22 people (61.1%) knew about evaluation and certification, and 21 people (58.3%) participated in evaluation and certification as an evaluation committee member or writing a report. Most (86.1%) thought that regulations including standardized standards for anatomy facilities were necessary, but some said it was unnecessary considering the difficulty of objective evaluation or the autonomy of the university. Ventilation, faucets, laboratory waste liquid and waste facilities were highly selected as evaluation item facilities. It was also said that documents related to daily inspection of the practice room, management of handling and monitoring of harmful factors were also necessary. Currently, 50% of the personnel for anatomy practice have full-time anatomy classroom staff, but 50% have concurrent positions with other departments or do not have dedicated staff. Accordingly, 94.4% (34/36) said that regulations on manpower for practice management were necessary, and there were many opinions that the minimum dedicated manpower or expertise should be specified. Based on this study, much interest and research into anatomy practice is needed to improve the quality of anatomy labs through evaluation and certification so that students can safely achieve learning outcomes.

The calcaneal tendon is the longest and strongest tendon in the human body, formed by the gastrocnemius muscle and the soleus muscle. It is a torsion pattern that rotates spirally as it descends from the origin to the insertion. The purpose of this study is to present Korean anthropological characteristics by classifying of the calcaneal tendon according to torsion type and to provide basic data available for clinical field. 87 lower limbs (61 male, 26 female; average age 79.0±9.3 years) in a 10% formalin mixture were used. Torsion of the calcaneal tendon was classified into three types according to Edama et al’s classification (2016) in the Japanese. Type 1 (least torsion) is to attach only the soleus muscle at the anterior aspect where the insertion of the calcaneal tendon, Type 2 (moderate torsion) is to attach soleus muscle and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle, Type 3 (extreme torsion) is to attach only the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. As a result, Type 1 (least torsion) was found 21 (24.1%) lower limbs, type 2 (moderate torsion) was found 45 (52.8%) lower limbs, type 3 (extreme torsion) was found 21 (24.1%) lower limbs. There was no difference in the type of calcaneal tendon torsion according to gender and body side, and there was a significant different between the Korean and Japanese (p=0.009). In conclusion, this study would provide basic anthropological data of calcaneal tendon by classifying into three torsion types in the Korean.

The shape of the cranial bone is one of the elements that best represent the morphological characteristics of race in physical anthropology. It is known to be less influenced by environmental factors and more influenced by genetic factors. The purpose of this study is to analyze by applying the cranial index and the petrous ridgemidline angle method to classify the cranial shape of the Korean population. This analysis is to identify the forensic and anatomical characteristics of the Korean population in terms of gender and race, and to secure basic data. This study dissected 31 cadavers (16 males, 15 females) of the Korean population donated for educational and research purposes at the department of anatomy of a medical school in Korea. The mean age at death was 76.0±13.6 years (range 38~99 years). The cranial index (CI) was calculated by multiplying the ratio of the maximum cranial length to the maximum cranial width by 100. The petrous ridge-midline angle (PMA) measured the angle between the midline and the petrous ridge. In the CI measurement method, Brachycranic showed the highest frequency with 22 (71.0%) cases. In addition, mesocranic showed the frequency of 8 cases (25.8%), and Dolicocranic showed 1 case (3.2%). In the PMA cranial morphology classification, mesocranic showed the highest frequency with 19 cases (61.3%), brachycranic with 8 cases (25.8%), and dolicocranic with 4 cases (12.9%). There was no significant difference in the measurement results of CI and PMA by gender and PMA by body side. In conclusion, the case of brachycranic in CI and mesocranic in PMA showed the highest frequency, and this will be a basic data that can be used for forensic anthropology for individual estimation as well as clinically.