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Morphological Classification of the Calcaneal Tendon According to Torsion at Insertion Site in Korean Population: A Cadaveric Study

  • Anatomy & Biological Anthropology
  • Abbr : Anat Biol Anthropol
  • 2023, 36(3), pp.87~93
  • DOI : 10.11637/aba.2023.36.3.87
  • Publisher : 대한체질인류학회
  • Research Area : Medicine and Pharmacy > Anatomy
  • Received : September 1, 2023
  • Accepted : September 20, 2023
  • Published : September 30, 2023

Yunil Choe 1,  Digud Kim 2,  Jaeho Cho ORD ID 3,  Kwang Rak Park ORD ID 4,  Lee Mi Jeong 1,  Hyungwook Kwon ORD ID 1,  Yujin Choi ORD ID 1,  Choi In Seok 5,  Jeonghyun Park ORD ID 1

1강원대학교
2강원대학교 의학전문대학원 해부학교실
3한림대학교
4상지대학교
5국립과학수사연구원

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The calcaneal tendon is the longest and strongest tendon in the human body, formed by the gastrocnemius muscle and the soleus muscle. It is a torsion pattern that rotates spirally as it descends from the origin to the insertion. The purpose of this study is to present Korean anthropological characteristics by classifying of the calcaneal tendon according to torsion type and to provide basic data available for clinical field. 87 lower limbs (61 male, 26 female; average age 79.0±9.3 years) in a 10% formalin mixture were used. Torsion of the calcaneal tendon was classified into three types according to Edama et al’s classification (2016) in the Japanese. Type 1 (least torsion) is to attach only the soleus muscle at the anterior aspect where the insertion of the calcaneal tendon, Type 2 (moderate torsion) is to attach soleus muscle and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle, Type 3 (extreme torsion) is to attach only the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. As a result, Type 1 (least torsion) was found 21 (24.1%) lower limbs, type 2 (moderate torsion) was found 45 (52.8%) lower limbs, type 3 (extreme torsion) was found 21 (24.1%) lower limbs. There was no difference in the type of calcaneal tendon torsion according to gender and body side, and there was a significant different between the Korean and Japanese (p=0.009). In conclusion, this study would provide basic anthropological data of calcaneal tendon by classifying into three torsion types in the Korean.

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This paper was written with support from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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