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A Bioanthropological Approach to Facial Shape Variation in Royal Court Painting

  • Anatomy & Biological Anthropology
  • Abbr : Anat Biol Anthropol
  • 2025, 38(1), pp.53~60
  • DOI : 10.11637/aba.2025.38.1.53
  • Publisher : 대한체질인류학회
  • Research Area : Medicine and Pharmacy > Anatomy
  • Received : January 25, 2025
  • Accepted : March 6, 2025
  • Published : March 31, 2025

Woo Eun Jin 1

1세종대학교 인문과학대학 역사학과

Accredited

ABSTRACT

Originating in China and later produced by the loyal court of Joseon, the Wanghoedo (王會圖) is a painting depicting the scene of diplomatic envoys from various countries line up to pay tribute to the king. The figures in the painting are portrayed in full-body detail, which has facilitated historical and art-historical analyses of the envoys’ attire and hairstyles. This study takes a novel approach by examining the facial features of the diverse figures in Wanghoedo from a bioanthropological perspective. Notably, the painting includes labels identifying the countries of origin for each envoy, allowing the current geographic locations to be determined. Facial shapes were classified based on anatomical landmarks commonly used in bioanthropological facial typology. The analysis reveals that the facial shapes of the figures in Wanghoedo reflect a certain degree of variation corresponding to groupspecific facial traits in Asia during that period. Envoys from East Asia, who form the largest group in the painting, generally exhibit either elongated or rounded facial shapes. In contrast, envoys from South Asia and Southeast Asia are classified as having comparatively broader facial widths. Meanwhile, envoys from West Asia and Central Asia are characterized by slender facial shapes with a prominently protruding chin. This study serves as an example of how bioanthropological approaches can be applied to interdisciplinary research.

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