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Theory and Case Study on China’s Response to US Pressures during the US-China Strategic Technology Competition: Overbalancing and Economic Security in Neoclassical Realism

Jaeyoung Lee 1

1통일연구원

Accredited

ABSTRACT

The research question of this paper is what are the factors that cause China’s response on overbalancing to US pressures during the US-China strategic technology competition? From the perspective of neoclassical realism theory, this study demonstrates that China’s Xi Jinping’s perception of external threats and the strategic culture that interacts with it resulted in China’s overbalancing response. As a strategic culture that interacts with Xi Jinping’s perception, China’s overall security view and economic security policy strengthens the cohesion of the political elite and society surrounding it rather than domestic opposition and fragmentation of the elite, leading to an overbalancing response to the United States. The reason why political elite and social cohesion increased during the Xi Jinping era is because Xi Jinping’s one-man rule was strengthened, personnel control for economic and security policy implementation was institutionalized, and Xi Jinping effectively mobilized nationalism and populism through consumer boycotts. Overbalancing caused by China’s strategic culture further intensifies the US-China strategic competition and clearly shows that the neoclassical realist explanation for China’s response to US pressures during the period of US-China strategic technology competition is appropriate.

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