Southeast Asia is among the world’s most climate-vulnerable region, where agriculture is both a major victim and a contributor to the climate crisis, while also holding the potential to be part of the solution. Climate smart agriculture (CSA) has emerged as a transformative approach that simultaneously addresses three goals: ensuring food security, enhancing climate resilience, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study explores the strategic transition toward CSA in Southeast Asian agriculture through a comparative analysis of implementation cases in five countries: Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, Cambodia, and Laos. The analysis focuses on five strategic domains: technology and crop varieties, farmer capacity, institutional frameworks, finance and markets, and innovation ecosystems. Findings indicate that while CSA adoption is gradually expanding across the region, its effectiveness and scalability differ widely depending on national policy coherence, institutional capacity levels, and local ecological and socioeconomic contexts. Key challenges include limited technical support for smallholders, restricted access to finance, and weak institutional coordination. Based on these findings, the study proposes policy recommendations to strengthen agricultural resilience and encourage sustainable development in Southeast Asia in the face of an escalating climate crisis.