A Longitudinal Study on the Change of Self-Control in Early Adolescence: Its Relations to Parental Attachment, Teacher Attachment, and Self-Esteem (초기 청소년기 자기통제 변화에 관한 종단연구: 부모애착, 교사애착, 자기존중감과의 관계 )

Hwajin Cho (조화진); Young Seok Seo (서영석); Baole Choi (최바올)

A Longitudinal Study on the Change of Self-Control in Early Adolescence: Its Relations to Parental Attachment, Teacher Attachment, and Self-Esteem

THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
2010, 23(4), pp.33~53
Publisher : The Korean Society For Developmental Psychology
Research Area : Social Science > Psychological Science

Hwajin Cho ¹, Young Seok Seo ¹, Baole Choi ¹

¹연세대학교

Accredited

ABSTRACT

In this study, the authors examined whether and how children's self-control changed during early adolescence. They also investigated the extent to which this change was related to children's parental attachment, teacher attachment, and self-esteem. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to analyze 4-year longitudinal data (N = 2,844) originally collected from the Korean Youth Panel Study. A significant decrease in self-control was observed from the ages of 9 to l1, and self-control started to get stabilized at age 11. Self-esteem was negatively predictive of self-control at age 10, whereas parental attachment and teacher attachment were positively predictive of it. Also, self-esteem was positively related to the rate of change in self-control, whereas parental attachment was negatively related to it. Finally, only parental attachment was positively related to the rate of acceleration in self-control. Study limitations and future directions for research are discussed.

KEYWORDS

self-control, parental attachment, teacher attachment, self-esteem, growth model

Journal Copyright Policy

This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.

Citation status

* References for papers published after 2025 are currently being built.

[book] 김태련 / 2004 / 발달심리학 / 학지사

[journal] 박은숙 / 2009 / Effects of Parental Discipline Style and Adolescents' Sex, Age, & Self-Concept on Self-Control / 한국가족관계학회지 / 한국가족관계학회 14(1) : 213~241

[journal] 박찬화 / 1987 / 모자 상호작용에 있어서 아동의 자기조정에 관한 연구 / 아동학회지 8(1) : 1~4

[book] 보건복지가족부 / 2009 / 2008 아동청소년백서

[thesis] 신지현 / 2008 / 저소득 가정의 문제행동에 대한 자아존중감 및 자기통제력과 환경 변인의 중재효과 / 박사 / 숙명여대

[journal] 이경님 / 2001 / 아동의 자아통제와 관련변인간의 인과관계 / 대한가정학회지 38(2) : 97~110

[journal] 이경님 / 2002 / The Effects of Attachment, Self-Esteem and Impulse Control on Adolescent Delinquency / 대한가정학회지 / 대한가정학회 40(8) : 191~206

[journal] 이경님 / 2004 / The Individual, Family and Classroom Enviromental Variables that Affect Children's Self-Control / 한국생활과학회지 / 한국생활과학회 13(6) : 833~845

[thesis] 이미라 / 1999 / 아동의 인지양식 및 어머니 양육 행동과 아동의 욕구충족지연행동 간의 관계 / 석사 / 연세대학교

[journal] 정소희 / 2007 / An Analysis of Pathways From SES, Parental conflict and Parenting behavior to Adolescent Delinquency / 사회복지연구 / 한국사회복지연구회 32(32) : 5~34

[journal] 정지영 / 2005 / The Relationships Between Infant's Temperament, parental Modes of Verbal Control and Children's Self-control / 아동학회지 / 한국아동학회 26(6) : 305~319

[book] 최정훈 / 1993 / 심리학: 인간 행동의 이해 / 법문사

[journal] 한주리 / 2005 / The Relationships of Family Communication Patterns and Offsprings’ Self-esteem, Self-disclosure, Locus of Control, and Communication Competence / 한국언론학보 / 한국언론학회 49(5) : 202~227

[journal] Armsden, G. C. / 1987 / The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence / Journal of Youth And Adolescence 16(5) : 427~454

[journal] Baker, J. / 2008 / The teacher-student relationship as a developmental context for children with internalizing or externalizing behavior problem / School Psychology Quarterly 23(1) : 3~15

[journal] Baumeister, R. F. / 2000 / Self-esteem, narcissism, and aggression: Does violence result from low self-esteem or from threatened egotism? / Current Directions in Psychological Science 9 : 26~29

[journal] Baumeister, R. F. / 2003 / Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? / Psychological Science in the Public Interest 4 : 1~44

[journal] Baumeister, R. F. / 1993 / When ego threats lead to self-regulation failure: Negative consequences of high self-esteem / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64(1) : 141~156

[journal] Baumeister, R. F. / 1994 / Losing control: How and why people fail at self-regulation / Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 20 : 676~690

[journal] Baumeister, R. F. / 1996 / Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem / Psychological Review 103 : 5~33

[journal] Blair, R. J. R. / 2004 / The roles of orbital frontal cortex in the modulation of antisocial behavior / Brain and Cognition 55 : 198~208

[book] Block, J. / 2002 / Personality as an affect-processing system / Erlbaum

[book] Block, J. H. / 1980 / The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior, in: Development of cognition, affect, and social relations: The Minnesota symposia on child psychology / Erlbaum

[book] Bowlby, J. / 1969 / Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment / Basic Books

[journal] Burt, C. H. / 2006 / A longitudinal test of the effects of parenting and the stability of self-control: Negative evidence for the general theory of crime / Criminology 44 : 353~396

[journal] Contreras, J. / 2000 / Emotion regulation as a mediator of associations between mother-child attachment and peer relationships in middle childhood / Journal of Family Psychology 14 : 111~124

[journal] Crocker, J. / 2006 / The pursuit of self-esteem: Contingencies of self-worth and self-regulation / Journal of Personality 74(6) : 1749~1771

[journal] Cummings, E. M. / 1996 / Emotional security as a regulatory process in normal development and the development of psychopathology / Development and Psychopathology 8 : 123~139

[journal] Eisenberg, N. / 2005 / Relations among positive parenting children's effortful control and externalizing problems: A three-wave longitudinal study / Child Development 76 : 1055~1071

[book] Fishbein, D. / 2001 / Biobehavioral perspectives in criminology / Wadsworth

[journal] Gordijn, E. H. / 2004 / Consequences of stereotype suppression and internal suppression motivation: A self-regulation approach / Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 30 : 212~224

[book] Gottfredson, M. R. / 1990 / A general theory of crime / Stanford University Press

[journal] Grasmick, H. G. / 1993 / Testing the core empirical implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime / Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 30 : 5~29

[journal] Hart, D. / 1997 / The relation of childhood personality types to adolescent behavior and development: A longitudinal study of Icelandic children / Developmental Psychology 33(2) : 195~205

[book] Harter, S. / 1983 / The development of the self-system, in: Handbook of child psychology: Social and personality development / Wiley

[book] Harter, S. / 1989 / Cause, correlates, and the functional role of global self-worth: A life-span perspective, in: Perceptions of competence and incompetence across the life-span / Yale University Press

[journal] Hay, C. / 2006 / The development of self-control: Examining self-control theory's stability thesis / Criminology 44 : 739~773

[book] Hirschi, T. / 2001 / Self-control theory, in: Explaining criminals and crime / Roxbury Press : 81~96

[journal] Kernis, M. H. / 1989 / Stability and level of self-esteem as predictors of anger arousal and hostility / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56 : 1013~1323

[journal] Krueger, R. F. / 1996 / Personality traits are differentially linked to mental disorders: A multitrait-multidiagnosis study of an adolescent birth cohort / Journal of Abnormal Psychology 105 : 299~312

[journal] Letzring, T. D. / 2005 / Ego-control and ego-resiliency: Generalization of self-report scales based on personality descriptions from acquaintances, clinicians and the self / Journal of Research in Personality 39(4) : 395~422

[journal] Longshore, D. / 2005 / Self-control and social bonds: A combined control perspective on juvenile offending / Journal of Quantitative Criminology 21 : 419~437

[book] MacKenzie, D. L. / 2002 / Reducing the criminal activities of known offenders and delinquents: Crime prevention in the courts and corrections, in: Evidence-based crime prevention / Routledge : 330~404

[journal] McFalin, D. B. / 1984 / On knowing when to quit: Task failure, self-esteem, advice, and non productive persistence / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 : 138~155

[journal] Mitchell, O. / 2006 / The stability and resiliency of self-control in a sample of incarcerated offenders / Crime and Delinquency 52 : 432~449

[journal] Muraven, M. / 2000 / Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle? / Psychological Bulletin 126(2) : 247~259

[journal] Piquero, A. R. / 2007 / Something old, something new: A preliminary investigation of Hirchi's redefined self-control / Justice Quarterly 24(1) : 1~27

[journal] Pratt, T. C. / 2000 / The empirical status of Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime: A meta-analysis / Criminology 38 : 931~964

[journal] Rafaelli, M. / 2005 / Developmental stability and change in self-regulation from childhood to adolescence / Journal of Genetic Psychology 166 : 54~75

[book] Raudenbush, S. W. / 2002 / Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods / Sage Publications

[journal] Ridenour, T. A. / 2006 / Structure and validity of people in my life: A self-report measure of attachment in late childhood / Journal of Youth And Adolescence 35(6) : 1037~1053

[book] Rogenberg, M. / 1965 / Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton / Princeton University Press

[book] Schmeichel, B. J. / 2004 / Self-regulatory strength, in: Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications / Guilford Press : 115~130

[journal] Schmeichel, B. J. / 2003 / Intellectual performance and ego depletion: Role of the self in logical reasoning and other information processing / Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85 : 33~46

[journal] Shoda, Y. / 1990 / Predicting adolescent cognitive and self-regulatory competencies from preschool delay of gratification: identifying diagnostic conditions / Developmental Psychology 26 : 978~986

[journal] Silverman, I. / 1990 / Child and maternal correlates of impulse control in 24 month-old children / Correction, Genetic, Social & General Psychology Monographs 116(4) : 435~473

[book] Steinberg, L. / 2006 / The study of developmental psychopathology in adolescence: Integrating affective neuroscience with the study of context, in: Developmental psychopathology / Wiley : 710~741

[journal] Tangney, J. P. / 2004 / High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success / Journal of Personality 72 : 271~322

[journal] Trumpeter, N. / 2006 / Factors within multidimensional perfectionism scales: Complexity of relationships with self-esteem, narcissism, self-control, and self-criticism / Personality and Individual Differences 41 : 849~860

[journal] Turner, M. G. / 2002 / The stability of self-control / Journal of Criminal Justice 30 : 457~471

[journal] Turner, M. G. / 2005 / The school context as a source of self-control / Journal of Criminal Justice 33 : 327~339

[journal] Unnever, J. D. / 2003 / Parental management, ADHD, and delinquent involvement: Reassessing Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory / Justice Quarterly 20 : 471~500

[journal] Vazsonyi, A. T. / 2010 / Where self-control comes from: On the development of self-control and its relationship to deviance over time / Developmental Psychology 46(1) : 245~257

[journal] Winfree, L. T. Jr. / 2006 / Self-control and variability over time: Multivariate results using a 5-zyear multisite panel of youths / Crime & Delinquency 52 : 253~286

KJCKorea
Journal Central

THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2025 KCI Impact Factor : 1.27